{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:57:36Z","timestamp":1788872256869,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a condition where the fetal weight is less than the 10th percentile for gestational age, or the estimated fetal weight is lower than expected based on gestational age. IUGR can be caused by various factors such as maternal, placental or fetal factors and can lead to various complications for both the fetus and the mother, including fetal distress, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and maternal hypertension. Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing IUGR. This article reviews the different aspects of gestational diabetes in addition to IUGR, the diagnostic methods available for IUGR detection, including ultrasound and Doppler studies, discusses the management strategies for women with IUGR and gestational diabetes and analyzes the importance of early detection and timely intervention to improve pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T01:32:15Z","timestamp":1686706335000},"page":"1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Intrauterine Growth Restriction Due to Gestational Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0216-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zacharias","family":"Fasoulakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens \u2018Alexandra\u2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Koutras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens \u2018Alexandra\u2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Antsaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens \u2018Alexandra\u2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Theodora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens \u2018Alexandra\u2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Valsamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Larisa, Tsakalof 1, 41221 Larisa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens \u2018Alexandra\u2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel N.","family":"Kontomanolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th km Alexandroupolis-Makris, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171","article-title":"Fetal origins of coronary heart disease","volume":"311","author":"Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, A.R., Thompson, J.M., Murphy, R., Black, P.N., Lam, W.J., Ferguson, L.R., and Mitchell, E.A. 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