{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:05:50Z","timestamp":1777622750298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most diagnosed elbow pathologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of a new test (selfie test) for the diagnosis of LE. Methods: Medical data were collected from adult patients who presented with LE symptoms and ultrasound findings that supported the diagnosis. Patients underwent a physical examination, including provocative tests for diagnosis as well as the selfie test, and were asked to fill out the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire and subjectively rate the activity of their affected elbow. Results: Thirty patients were included in this study (seventeen females, 57%). The mean age was 50.1 years old (range of 35 to 68 years). The average duration of symptoms was 7 \u00b1 3.1 months (range of 2 to 14 months). The mean PRTEE score was 61.5 \u00b1 16.1 (range of 35 to 98), and the mean subjective elbow score was 63 \u00b1 14.2 (range of 30 to 80). Mill\u2019s, Maudsley\u2019s, Cozen\u2019s, and the selfie tests had sensitivities of 0.867, 0.833, 0.967, and 0.933, respectively, with corresponding positive predictive values of 0.867, 0.833, 0.967, and 0.933. Conclusions: The selfie test\u2019s active nature, which allows patients to perform the assessment themselves, could be a valuable addition to the diagnostic process, potentially improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of LE (levels of evidence: IV).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1686879091000},"page":"1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The \u201cSelfie Test\u201d: A Novel Test for the Diagnosis of Lateral Epicondylitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shai","family":"Factor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3857-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Gabriel","family":"Snopik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services, Beer Sheva 8489428, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Albagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Amar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Atlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Morag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman St., Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.01.006","article-title":"The diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Latham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03181-z","article-title":"Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: An up-to-date review of management","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.22.00170","article-title":"Lateral Epicondylitis: Critical Analysis Review of Current Nonoperative Treatments","volume":"11","author":"Marigi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000618","article-title":"Microscopic histopathology of chronic refractory lateral epicondylitis","volume":"20","author":"Regan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stasinopoulos, D., and Papadopoulou, M. (2022). Is Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy an Appropriate Clinical Diagnostic Term When the Condition Is Persistent?. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092290"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B9.29285","article-title":"Lateral epicondylitis: A review of pathology and management","volume":"95 B","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200205000-00005","article-title":"Associations between pain, grip strength, and manual tests in the treatment evaluation of chronic tennis elbow","volume":"18","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.02.002","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of examination tests for lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET)\u2014A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Karanasios","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5769","article-title":"Utility of sonographic measurement of the common tensor tendon in patients with lateral epicondylitis","volume":"196","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2371040784","article-title":"Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: US findings","volume":"237","author":"Levin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.11.040","article-title":"The reliability and validity of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of chronic lateral epicondylitis","volume":"36","author":"Walton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-172678","article-title":"A scoping review on smart mobile devices and physical strain","volume":"59","author":"Tegtmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000083","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.20.00083","article-title":"Telemedicine and orthopaedic surgery: The Covid-19 pandemic and our new normal","volume":"8","author":"Lanham","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00609","article-title":"Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19: The Virtual Orthopaedic Examination","volume":"102","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2006.10.003","article-title":"Validation of the Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire","volume":"20","author":"Rompe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.08.005","article-title":"The value of provocative tests for the wrist and elbow: A literature review","volume":"26","author":"Valdes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hand Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2002.0761","article-title":"The role of the extensor digitorum communis muscle in lateral epicondylitis","volume":"27","author":"Fairbank","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.16965\/ijpr.2014.699","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of provocative tests in lateral epicondylitis","volume":"2","author":"Leo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Physiother. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520921949","article-title":"Clinical Value of Ultrasonographic Assessment in Lateral Epicondylitis Versus Asymptomatic Healthy Controls","volume":"48","author":"Krogh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2020.102196","article-title":"A systematic review of musculoskeletal complaints, symptoms, and pathologies related to mobile phone usage","volume":"49","author":"Zirek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2017.00213.X","article-title":"Association between the usage of smartphone as the risk factor for the prevalence of upper extremity and neck symptoms among university students: A cross-sectional survey based study","volume":"10","author":"Kalirathinam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.05.010","article-title":"Prolonged phone-call posture causes changes of ulnar motor nerve conduction across elbow","volume":"127","author":"Padua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.09.007","article-title":"Telemedicine in Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgery","volume":"45","author":"Grandizio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hand. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.05.026","article-title":"The Telemedicine Musculoskeletal Examination","volume":"95","author":"Laskowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20230104-07","article-title":"Telemedicine: An Effective Tool for Patient-Physician Communication","volume":"46","author":"Sabetian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516645148","article-title":"Real-time telerehabilitation for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions is effective and comparable to standard practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Cottrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/6\/1159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:56:10Z","timestamp":1760126170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/6\/1159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59061159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59061159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]}}}