{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1793366998272,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The peak of incidence of testicular cancer (TC) occurs among individuals in their reproductive age, emphasizing the importance of fertility preservation as an integral aspect of disease management. Sperm cryopreservation performed before orchiectomy is ineffective in azoospermic men, necessitating alternative approaches such as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) at the time of orchiectomy (onco-mTESE) to obtain viable sperm. This study presents the findings from our institution\u2019s experience with onco-mTESE and critically discusses our results in light of the existing body of literature. Materials and Methods: This is a tertiary center retrospective analysis of onco-mTESE procedures performed at a single center between December 2011 and July 2022. The included patients were post-puberal men with testicular tumors requiring orchiectomy, along with concomitant severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Bilateral mTESE was performed in all cases. Surgical outcomes, sperm retrieval rates, the usage of preserved viable sperm, assistive reproductive techniques\u2019 results, and post-operative serum testosterone were recorded. Results: A total of nine patients were included, with a median age of 34 (IQR 29\u201336) years. All patients had germ cell tumors (GCTs), with seminomatous and non-seminomatous GCTs accounting for 44.4% (n = 4) and 55.6% (n = 5) of patients, respectively. Sperm retrieval occurred in three (33%) patients: one patient in the ipsilateral testis, one in the contralateral testis, and one in both testes. No complications were reported during the procedure, and no post-operative hypogonadism was observed. Among the three patients with successful sperm retrieval, an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed in two patients, resulting in two pregnancies, leading to one healthy live birth and one miscarriage. Conclusions: In the context of TC, it is essential to conduct a thorough evaluation of testicular function, including a semen analysis and cryopreservation. Onco-mTESE has proven its safety in preserving fertility in azoospermic cases while ensuring the efficacy of oncological treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:43:30Z","timestamp":1688085810000},"page":"1226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Onco-TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction): Insights from a Tertiary Center and Comprehensive Literature Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cirigliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Neurourology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Unit\u00e0 Spinale Unipolare, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42005, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Preto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Ceruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Plamadeala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Scavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gontero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic\u2014A.O.U. \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u201d\u2014Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview","volume":"149","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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