{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:59:32Z","timestamp":1792299572092,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Calprotectin is a marker for intestinal inflammation. Recent research suggests a link between inflammation and depression. This study assessed the association between the levels of calprotectin in patients from South-Eastern Europe and the severity of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Materials and\u00a0Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 confirmed patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who were assessed using clinical interviews for determining the severities of mental disorders (i.e., depression severity\u2014PHQ-9, anxiety\u2014GAD-7) and the quality of life (EQ-5D). Stool samples were collected from all participants for measuring their levels of calprotectin. Results: The level of calprotectin is correlated with PHQ-9 (\u03c1 = 0.416, p = 0.022) and EQ-5D (\u03c1 = \u22120.304, p = 0.033) but not with GAD 7 (\u03c1 = 0.059, p = 0.379). Calprotectin levels in patients with mild, moderate, and moderately severe depression were significantly higher than in patients with minimal depression (198 \u00b5g\/g vs. 66,9 \u00b5g\/g, p = 0.04). Calprotectin level was corelated with the following depressive symptoms: autolytic ideation (\u03c1 = 0.557, p = 0.001), fatigue (\u03c1 = 0.514, p = 0.002), slow movement (\u03c1 = 0.490, p = 0.003), and sleep disorders (\u03c1 = 0.403, p = 0.014). Calprotectin was an independent predictor of depression with an odds ratio of 1.01 (95%: 1.002\u20131.03, p &lt; 0.01). An ROC analysis showed that a level of calprotectin of 131 \u00b5g\/g or higher has a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 61%, and an accuracy of 70% for predicting depression. In this study, no significant correlations were found between calprotectin level and anxiety. Conclusions: Calprotectin levels are associated with the severity of depression, and checking for a calprotectin level of 131 \u00b5g\/g or higher may be a potential accessible screening test for depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T08:25:24Z","timestamp":1688545524000},"page":"1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Calprotectin, Biomarker of Depression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miorita Melina","family":"Iordache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Prof. Alexandru Obregia Psychiatry Hospital, 10 Berceni Str., 041914 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca Mihaela","family":"Belu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Apostol Andrew\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina E.","family":"Vlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamer Ainur","family":"Aivaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Apostol Andrew\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tocia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Apostol Andrew\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Apostol Andrew\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology-CEDMOG, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e065186","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065186","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2021.00115","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Where are we now?","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intest. 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