{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:31:43Z","timestamp":1767375103103,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the mainstay of treatment for acute major hemorrhage, even in patients with coagulopathy and spontaneous bleeding. Coagulopathy is associated with worsening bleeding severity and higher mortality and clinical failure rates. Furthermore, some unanswered questions remain, such as the definition of coagulopathy, the indication for TAE or conservative treatment, and the choice of embolic agent. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of TAE for spontaneous non-neurovascular acute bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. Materials and Methods: This study is a multicenter analysis of retrospectively collected data of consecutive patients with coagulopathy who had undergone, from January 2018 to May 2023, transcatheter arterial embolization for the management of spontaneous hemorrhages. Results: During the study interval (January 2018\u2013May 2023), 120 patients with coagulopathy underwent TAE for spontaneous non-neurovascular acute bleeding. The abdominal wall was the most common bleeding site (72.5%). The most commonly used embolic agent was polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or microspheres (25.0%), whereas coils and gelatin sponge together accounted for 32.5% of the embolic agents used. Technical success was achieved in all cases, with a 92.5% clinical success rate related to 9 cases of rebleeding. Complications were recorded in 12 (10%) patients. Clinical success was significantly better in the group of patients who underwent correction of the coagulopathy within 24 h of TAE. Conclusions: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is effective and safe for the management of acute non-neurovascular bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. Correction of coagulopathy should not delay TAE and vice versa, as better clinical outcomes were noted in the subgroup of patients undergoing correction of coagulopathy within 24 h of TAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1689801614000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Coagulopathy Undergoing Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) for Acute Non-Neurovascular Bleeding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Minici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guzzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Piacentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8738-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Spinetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Bertucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1011-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ielapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Apollonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, San Timoteo Hospital, 86039 Termoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MGJR Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Brunese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"},{"name":"Scientific Committee of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0462-5","article-title":"Quality improvement guidelines for transcatheter embolization for acute gastrointestinal nonvariceal hemorrhage","volume":"36","author":"Valek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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