{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T12:08:45Z","timestamp":1784981325804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University","award":["SUBZ.C270.23.077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.C270.23.077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant hepatic hemangiomas present a significant clinical challenge, and effective treatment options are warranted. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of transarterial bleomycin\u2013lipiodol embolization in patients with giant hepatic hemangiomas. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with giant hepatic hemangiomas (&gt;5 cm). Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed using 7\u201320 cc of lipiodol mixed with 1500 IU of bleomycin. Safety outcomes, including post-embolization syndrome (PES), hepatic artery dissection, systemic complications, and access site complications, were evaluated. Radiation doses were also measured. Feasibility was assessed based on the achieved hemangioma coverage. Seventy-three patients (49 female, 24 male) with a mean age of 55.52 years were treated between December 2014 and April 2023. The average hospitalization duration was 3.82 days, and 97.3% of lesions were limited to one liver lobe. The average bleomycin dose per procedure was 1301.5625 IU, while the average lipiodol dose was 11.04 cc. The average radiation dose was 0.56 Gy. PES occurred after 45.7% of TACE procedures, with varying severity. Complications such as hepatic artery dissection (three cases), access site complications (two cases), and other complications (one case) were observed. No treatment-related mortality occurred. Hemangioma coverage exceeding 75% was achieved in 77.5% of cases. The study results suggest that transarterial bleomycin\u2013lipiodol embolization is a safe and feasible treatment option for a heterogeneous group of patients with giant hepatic hemangiomas. This approach may hold promise in improving outcomes for patients with this challenging condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59081358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:45:02Z","timestamp":1690332302000},"page":"1358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Safety and Feasibility of Transarterial Bleomycin\u2013Lipiodol Embolization in Patients with Giant Hepatic Hemangiomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2392-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Kaca\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Interventional and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Dorochowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrze\u017ce L. Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Patrza\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Janczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Guzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Interventional and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Giant hemangiomas of the liver","volume":"147","author":"Grieco","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surg. 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