{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:11:15Z","timestamp":1790032275533,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Tissue conditioners have been widely used in various clinical applications in dentistry, such as treating inflamed alveolar ridges, temporarily relining partial and complete dentures, and the acquisition of functional impressions for denture fabrication. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of the most prevalent tissue conditioner materials on the market, including Tissue Conditioners (TC), Visco Gel (VG), and FITT (F). Materials and Methods: The three tissue conditioners, TC, VG, and F, were assessed based on the parameters mentioned above. The following tests were performed based on the ISO 10139-1 and ISO 10139-2 requirements: Shore A hardness, denture plate adhesion, sorption, water solubility, and contraction after 1 and 3 days in water. Additional tests are described in the literature, such as ethanol content and gelling time. The tests were carried out by storing the materials in water at 37 \u00b0C for 7 days. Results: The gel times of all tested materials exceeded 5 min (TC = 300 [s], VG = 350 [s]). In vitro, phthalate-free materials exhibited higher dissolution in water after 14 days (VG = \u2212260.78 \u00b1 11.31 \u00b5g\/mm2) compared to F (\u221276.12 \u00b1 7.11 \u00b5g\/mm2) and experienced faster hardening when stored in distilled water (F = 33.4 \u00b1 0.30 Sh. A, VG = 59.2 \u00b1 0.60 Sh. A). They also showed greater contractions. The connection of all materials to the prosthesis plate was consistent at 0.11 MPa. The highest counterbalance after 3 days was observed in TC = 3.53 \u00b1 1.12%. Conclusions: Materials containing plasticizers that are not phthalates have worse mechanical properties than products containing these substances. Since phthalates are not allowed to be used indefinitely in medical devices, additional research is necessary, especially in vivo, to develop safe materials with superior functional properties to newer-generation alternatives. In vitro results often do not agree fully with those of in vivo outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59081359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:45:02Z","timestamp":1690332302000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Three Tissue Conditioners: An Evaluation In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Mikulewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Medical University of Wroclaw, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Chojnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Raszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SpofaDental, Markova 238, 506-01 Jicin, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.05.002","article-title":"Changes in hardness of addition-polymerizing silicone-resilient denture liners after storage in artificial saliva","volume":"121","author":"Malecka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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