{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:49:50Z","timestamp":1793234990266,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environmental toxins, and more. They can interfere with bone health through several mechanisms, such as hormonal imbalances, disruptions in bone turnover, direct toxicity to osteoblasts, increased osteoclast activity, immune system aging, impaired inflammatory responses, and disturbances in the gut\u2013bone axis. As a consequence, these disturbances can give rise to a range of bone disorders. The regulation of bone\u2019s physiological functions involves an intricate network of continuous processes known as bone remodeling, which is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the organism. However, our understanding of the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the complex interactions between environmental factors and the host elements that affect bone health is still in its nascent stages. In light of this, this comprehensive review aims to explore emerging evidence surrounding bone homeostasis, potential risk factors influencing it, and prospective therapeutic interventions for future management of bone-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1841-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samradhi","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devojit Kumar","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4250-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravinder","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109334213","article-title":"Bone Health: Part 1, Nutrition","volume":"1","author":"Lorincz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Health A Multidiscip. 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