{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:16:54Z","timestamp":1790295414308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recognized as a beneficial nutritional pattern that promotes human health, decreasing the risks of a variety of human disorders and pathological states, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this aspect, the current survey aimed to assess the potential association of compliance with the MD during gestation with various sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5688 pregnant women from 10 distinctive Greek areas. Face-to-face interviews with qualified questionnaires and thorough retrievals of medical records were performed to collect data concerning the participants\u2019 sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Results: Elevated compliance with the MD during pregnancy was independently related with older age, higher educational status, and better economic status as well as decreased incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight\/obesity and excess gestational weight gain and a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes. Moreover, greater adherence to the MD was independently associated with an increased prevalence of delivering vaginally and a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 16 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: A higher level of compliance with the MD for the period of gestation was associated with several favorable lifestyle factors that may promote maternal health. Further studies with a prospective design as well as studies exploring the potential effects of maternal compliance with the MD for the period of pregnancy on the health of children should be performed. Future studies should also be extended beyond the MD by assessing the potential beneficial effects of adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle on maternal and child health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"1547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy: Associations with Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Parameters, Perinatal Outcomes, and Breastfeeding Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Antasouras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sousana","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Alexatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papandreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mentzelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Migdanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evmorfia","family":"Psara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Migdanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chrysafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tyrovolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon GH506, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Louka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2878-4831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Giaginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114480","article-title":"The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study","volume":"124","author":"Keys","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13333","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and health: A comprehensive overview","volume":"290","author":"Willett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreo-L\u00f3pez, M.C., Contreras-Bol\u00edvar, V., Mu\u00f1oz-Torres, M., Garc\u00eda-Fontana, B., and Garc\u00eda-Fontana, C. (2023). Influence of the Mediterranean Diet on Healthy Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054491"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, L.A., Izuora, K., and Basu, A. (2022). Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912762"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco, G.A., Interdonato, L., Cordaro, M., Cuzzocrea, S., and Di Paola, R. (2023). Bioactive Compounds of the Mediterranean Diet as Nutritional Support to Fight Neurodegenerative Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087318"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112110","article-title":"The role of nutrition and the Mediterranean diet on the trajectories of cognitive decline","volume":"173","author":"Maggi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mentella, M.C., Scaldaferri, F., Ricci, C., Gasbarrini, A., and Miggiano, G.A.D. (2019). Cancer and Mediterranean Diet: A Review. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092059"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112121","article-title":"Mediterranean diet in the management and prevention of obesity","volume":"174","author":"Dominguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.04.011","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"14","author":"Kales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-022-00481-1","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?","volume":"11","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02885-0","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults in Mediterranean countries: A systematic literature review","volume":"61","author":"Obeid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801670","article-title":"Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: A study of 287 213 pregnancies in London","volume":"25","author":"Sebire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szmidt, M.K., Granda, D., Madej, D., Sicinska, E., and Kaluza, J. (2023). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Women and Reproductive Health across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092131"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078481","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1078481","article-title":"Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment: A prospective birth cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2248165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.48165","article-title":"Association of a Mediterranean Diet Pattern with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among US Women","volume":"5","author":"Makarem","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.177","article-title":"Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes","volume":"68","author":"Karamanos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsarna, E., Eleftheriades, A., Tsomi, E., Ziogou, G., Vakas, P., Panoskaltsis, T., and Christopoulos, P. (2023). The Role of Diet during Pregnancy in Protecting against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Population with Mediterranean Dietary Habits: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051857"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022589","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022589","article-title":"Mediterranean-style diet and risk of preeclampsia by race in the Boston Birth Cohort","volume":"11","author":"Minhas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab145","article-title":"Healthy dietary patterns and common pregnancy complications: A prospective and longitudinal study","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Su\u00e1rez-Varela, M., Peraita-Costa, I., Perales-Mar\u00edn, A., Marcos Puig, B., Llopis-Morales, J., and Pic\u00f3, Y. (2023). Effect of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Maternal Iron Related Biochemical Parameters during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051138"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813942","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.813942","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Pregnancy and Its Benefits on Maternal-Fetal Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"654","article-title":"Association between the adherence to the mediterranean diet and overweight and obesity in pregnant women in Gran Canaria","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e902","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000961","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease risk: Unique opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Parikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12191","article-title":"Adherence to the mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood","volume":"12","author":"Chatzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flor-Alemany, M., Nestares, T., Jim\u00e9nez, N.M., Baena-Garc\u00eda, L., and Aparicio, V.A. (2022). Associations between Sociodemographic Factors, Lifestyle Behaviors, Pregnancy-Related Determinants, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence among Pregnant Women: The GESTAFIT Project. Nutrients., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071348"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03121-2","article-title":"Associations of Mediterranean diet with psychological ill-being and well-being throughout the pregnancy course: The GESTAFIT project","volume":"31","author":"Migueles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002762","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy is associated with lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: Results of the Mother-Infant Study Cohort","volume":"128","author":"Radwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Str\u00e5vik, M., Jonsson, K., Hartvigsson, O., Sandin, A., Wold, A.E., Sandberg, A.S., and Barman, M. (2019). Food and Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: Results from the NICE Birth Cohort in Northern Sweden. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071680"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp233","article-title":"Socio-economic differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruit and berries in Russian and Finnish Karelia: 1992\u20132007","volume":"21","author":"Paalanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public. Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1446","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1446","article-title":"Maternal dietary patterns and preterm delivery: Results from large prospective cohort study","volume":"348","author":"Sengpiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, D., Lee, K.W., and Song, W.O. (2016). Pre-Pregnancy Weight Status Is Associated with Diet Quality and Nutritional Biomarkers during Pregnancy. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030162"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Power, M.L., Lott, M.L., Mackeen, A.D., DiBari, J., and Schulkin, J. (2018). A retrospective study of gestational weight gain in relation to the Institute of Medicine\u2019s recommendations by maternal body mass index in rural Pennsylvania from 2006 to 2015. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1883-1"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2017.1330403","article-title":"Higher adherence to Mediterranean diet prior to pregnancy is associated with decreased risk for deviation from the maternal recommended gestational weight gain","volume":"69","author":"Koutelidakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amati, F., Hassounah, S., and Swaka, A. (2019). The Impact of Mediterranean Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Health. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051098"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feltner, C., Weber, R.P., Stuebe, A., Grodensky, C.A., Orr, C., and Viswanathan, M. (2018). Breastfeeding Programs and Policies, Breastfeeding Uptake, and Maternal Health Outcomes in Developed Countries, Report No.: 18-EHC014-E.","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCCER210"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000524354","article-title":"Breastfeeding in the Modern World","volume":"78","author":"Prentice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2021.60","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition of breast-feeding mothers: The potential role of unsaturated fatty acids","volume":"10","author":"Tabasso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.650","article-title":"Anthropometric reference data for international use: Recommendations from a World Health Organization Expert Committee","volume":"64","author":"Habicht","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention (2023, June 11). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Anthropometry Procedures Manual, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/nhanes_07_08\/manual_an.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO Expert Consultation (2004). Appropriate body mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 363, 157\u2013163.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"IOM (2009). Weight Gain during Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) and Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20951","article-title":"Weight gain in pregnancy and application of the 2009 IOM guidelines: Toward a uniform approach","volume":"23","author":"Gilmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.08.006","article-title":"Dietary patterns: A Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"16","author":"Panagiotakos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701326268","article-title":"Healthy indexes in public health practice and research: A review","volume":"48","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tranidou, A., Dagklis, T., Magriplis, E., Apostolopoulou, A., Tsakiridis, I., Chroni, V., Tsekitsidi, E., Kalaitzopoulou, I., Pazaras, N., and Chourdakis, M. (2023). Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Greece. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040848"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1399120","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet adherence by pregnant women delivering prematurely: Association with size at birth and complications of prematurity","volume":"32","author":"Parlapani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_89_22","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional interventions to prevent of gestational hypertension or\/and preeclampsia among healthy pregnant women","volume":"28","author":"Imanpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"648","article-title":"Factors associated with a low adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern in healthy Spanish women before pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Prieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786388221107801","DOI":"10.1177\/11786388221107801","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of Pregnant Women in Central South Africa: The NuEMI Study","volume":"15","author":"Spies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Insights"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002188","article-title":"Mediterranean diet adherence rates in Sicily, southern Italy","volume":"17","author":"Grosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public. Health. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geri\u0107, M., Matkovi\u0107, K., Gajski, G., Rumbak, I., \u0160tancl, P., Karli\u0107, R., and Bituh, M. (2022). Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Croatia: Lessons Learned Today for a Brighter Tomorrow. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183725"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020004267","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cyprus and its relationship to multi-morbidity: An epidemiological study","volume":"24","author":"Kyprianidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-8054-0","article-title":"Urbanization influences dietary habits of Cypriot children: The CYKIDS study","volume":"54","author":"Lazarou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.08.018","article-title":"Anthropometric measurements and food consumption analysis of older people according to place of residence and gender: A cross-sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Aksoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Luque, G., Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, R., Ortega-Toro, E., and Nikolaidis, P.T. (2018). The Effect of Place of Residence on Physical Fitness and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in 3\u207b5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: Urban vs. Rural. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121855"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801899347","article-title":"Association between a Mediterranean-type diet and risk of preterm birth among Danish women: A prospective cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001248","article-title":"Effect of dietary factors in pregnancy on risk of pregnancy complications: Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study","volume":"94","author":"Meltzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000365164","article-title":"Women are designed to deliver vaginally and not by cesarean section: An obstetrician\u2019s view","volume":"107","author":"Visser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"959","article-title":"Design and development of an instrument to measure overall lifestyle habits for epidemiological research: The Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index","volume":"18","author":"Casasnovas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantzorou, M., Papandreou, D., Vasios, G.K., Pavlidou, E., Antasouras, G., Psara, E., Taha, Z., Poulios, E., and Giaginis, C. (2022). Exclusive Breastfeeding for at Least Four Months Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Mothers and Their Children after 2-5 Years from Delivery. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173599"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montero-Sandiego, E., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Ruiz-Robledillo, N., Costa-L\u00f3pez, B., Alcocer-Bruno, C., and Albaladejo-Bl\u00e1zquez, N. (2022). Assessment Strategies to Evaluate the Mediterranean Lifestyle: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194179"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S283216","article-title":"Management of Pregnancy in Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Improving Outcomes for Mother and Baby","volume":"13","author":"Glick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.11057","article-title":"Advanced Maternal Age: Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy, A Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/9\/1547\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:39:18Z","timestamp":1760128758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/9\/1547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59091547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59091547","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]}}}