{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:34:17Z","timestamp":1768462457064,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea government (MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT))","award":["NRF-2021R1G1A1092383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1G1A1092383"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a wheelchair skills training program (WSTP) in improving sitting balance and pulmonary function in patients with chronic tetraplegia resulting from cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients were randomly divided into WSTP and control groups. The WSTP group participated in the WSTP for eight weeks, while the control group underwent conventional physical therapy for the same eight-week period. Sitting balance was evaluated using the activity-based balance level evaluation (ABLE) scale, and pulmonary function was evaluated using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Results: The WSTP group showed significant improvements in both sitting balance and pulmonary function during the intervention period (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the control group did not show any significant changes. A strong positive correlation was found between ABLE scores and all three pulmonary function parameters across all time points. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the WSTP significantly improves sitting balance and specific aspects of lung function in patients with tetraplegia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:14:14Z","timestamp":1693995254000},"page":"1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of Wheelchair Skills Training Program in Enhancing Sitting Balance and Pulmonary Function in Chronic Tetraplegic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Min","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Rehabilitation and Exercise Management, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Kyun","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Won","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.24","article-title":"Chronic complications of spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Sezer","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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