{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:04:02Z","timestamp":1793232242775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Delirium is an acute neurological disorder that involves attention and cognition. It is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality among older people (&gt;65 years old). In the context of the Emergency Department (ED), it is frequently experienced by patients but often not recognized. Literature studies have identified some screening instruments for an initial evaluation of delirium. Most of these tools have not been validated yet in the context of emergencies, but, in other settings, they were very useful for assessing and maximizing the recognition of this condition among older patients. We conducted a review of the literature, including randomized control trials, clinical and observational studies, and research studies published in recent years, confirming that most of the screening tools for delirium used in the intensive care unit (ICU) or the geriatric department have not been tested in the ED, and the ideal timing and form of the delirium assessment process for older adults have not been defined yet. The aim of our review is to summarize the updated evidence about the screening tools for delirium in the context of the ED, due to the fact that overcrowding of the ED and the stressful condition of emergency situations (that contribute to the onset of delirium) could expose older patients to a high risk of complications and mortality if delirium is not promptly recognized. In conclusion, we support the evidence that delirium is a current and real condition that emergency physicians have to face daily, and we are aware that more research is needed to explore this field in order to improve the overall outcomes of older patients admitted to the ED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T07:52:11Z","timestamp":1694159531000},"page":"1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Current Trends for Delirium Screening within the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Saviano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"},{"name":"Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8831-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslava","family":"Longhitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Ojetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences in Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3457-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelouahab","family":"Bellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences in Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7309-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Voza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iride Francesca","family":"Ceresa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Room and Internal Medicine, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano, Gruppo San Donato, 27029 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Savioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.05.003","article-title":"Diagnosing delirium in older emergency department patients: Validity and reliability of the delirium triage screen and the brief confusion assessment method","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. 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