{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:58Z","timestamp":1760149798901,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Doppler findings of persistent reverse end-diastolic flow (PREDF) in a fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) are a very rare sonographic finding and are a marker of poor fetal condition. This finding often leads to intrauterine fetal death or early neonatal death. Reverse end-diastolic flow in the middle cerebral artery is an advanced hemodynamic event. Fetal cerebral circulation normally has a high impedance; in the event of fetal hypoxemia, impedance decreases, resulting in the central redistribution of blood flow to vital organs, which maintains the oxygen delivery to the brain. Reverse flow in the middle cerebral arteries describes the loss of this autoregulatory process. PREDF is a sequence that occurs due to increased extracranial or intracranial pressure. Previous case reports mentioned intracranial hemorrhage, fetal growth restriction, fetal anemia, and fetal hepatic abnormalities as problems leading to PREDF. This condition presumably arises due to cerebral edema associated with severe hypoxemia. We reported Doppler findings of PREDF MCA in a 33-year-old female patient at 30 weeks gestation who was referred to the hospital with severe preeclampsia accompanied by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios. A cesarean section was performed due to severe preeclampsia and a low bishop score. Hypotheses on various etiologies and their association with intrauterine\/neonatal death as well as the best management still require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T21:34:12Z","timestamp":1694554452000},"page":"1648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Reverse End Diastolic Flow in Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery: A Rare Finding with Poor Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Dani","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanes Cornelius","family":"Mose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuniek","family":"Kharismawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Gilang Dwi","family":"Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mlynarczyk, M., Romary, L., and Abuhamad, A.Z. (2017). Callen\u2019s Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elsevier. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182937854","article-title":"Reversed End-Diastolic Flow in the Middle Cerebral Artery Preceding Death in a Normally Grown Fetus","volume":"122","author":"Hirshberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"579","article-title":"Reverse flow in the middle cerebral artery in a severely intrauterine growth restricted fetus","volume":"70","author":"Skibsted","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. 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Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/9\/1648\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:49:21Z","timestamp":1760129361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/9\/1648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59091648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59091648","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}}}