{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:53:39Z","timestamp":1788587619863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":245,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia","award":["PCN-1-055\/N\/1\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-1-055\/N\/1\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease is one of the outstanding challenges in gastroenterology. The increasing incidence of the disease is undoubtedly connected with the ongoing obesity pandemic. The lack of specific symptoms in the early phases and the grave complications of the disease require an active approach to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Therapeutic lifestyle changes should be introduced in a great majority of patients; but, in many cases, the adherence is not satisfactory. There is a great need for an effective pharmacological therapy for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, especially before the onset of steatohepatitis. Currently, there are no specific recommendations on the selection of drugs to treat liver steatosis and prevent patients from progression toward more advanced stages (steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer). Therefore, in this Review, we provide data on the clinical efficacy of therapeutic interventions that might improve the course of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. These include the drugs used in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemias, as well as affecting the gut microbiota and endocrine system, and other experimental approaches, including functional foods. Finally, we provide advice on the selection of drugs for patients with concomitant Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1696827403000},"page":"1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Potential Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bo\u0142dys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Bu\u0142dak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Malig\u0142\u00f3wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Surma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Okopie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101133","article-title":"A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"2023","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309101576","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Disturbances with Obesity","volume":"28","author":"Lieverse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9181368","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9181368","article-title":"Natural History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Clinical Practice and an Individualized Approach","volume":"2020","author":"Grgurevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basha, A., May, S.C., Anderson, R.M., Samala, N., and Mirmira, R.G. (2023). Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Translating Disease Mechanisms into Therapeutics Using Animal Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129996"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, T., Vi\u00f1uela, M., Vidal, C., and Barrera, F. (2022). Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263931"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Lee, D.S., An, T.H., Park, H.-J., Kim, W.K., Bae, K.-H., and Oh, K.-J. (2021). Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094495"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.04.005","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Review of Management for Primary Care Providers","volume":"97","author":"Basu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) (2016). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol., 64, 1388\u20131402.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114836","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1114836","article-title":"Improved body composition decreases the fat content in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"10","author":"Hegyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr\u00f3n-Cabrera, E., Soria-Rodr\u00edguez, R., Amador-Lara, F., and Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, E. (2023). Physical Activity Protocols in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials and Animal Models. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11141992"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.-T., Zheng, J., Peng, H.-W., Cai, X.-L., Pan, X.-T., Li, H.-Q., Hong, Q.-Z., and Peng, X.-E. (2020). Physical activity intervention for non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01204-3"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, Y., Peng, Q., Cao, C., Xu, Z., and Zhang, B. (2021). Effect of Different Exercise Methods on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Int. J. Env. Res. Public. Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063242"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.07.003","article-title":"European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases\u2014Joint ESPEN\/UEG guideline","volume":"41","author":"Bischoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367","article-title":"MAFLD: How is it different from NAFLD?","volume":"29","author":"Gofton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0296","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in common endocrine disorders","volume":"169","author":"Hazlehurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.154001","article-title":"Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: Think out of the box!","volume":"101","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4654-7","article-title":"Development of SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"61","author":"Rieg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors: Benefits Versus Risk","volume":"15","author":"Jasleen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00535-6","article-title":"Kidney and heart failure outcomes associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use","volume":"18","author":"Heerspink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasiri-Ansari, N., Nikolopoulou, C., Papoutsi, K., Kyrou, I., Mantzoros, C.S., Kyriakopoulos, G., Chatzigeorgiou, A., Kalotychou, V., Randeva, M.S., and Chatha, K. (2021). Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(-\/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020818"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120956","article-title":"Metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations ameliorate manifestations associated with NAFLD in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms","volume":"308","author":"Shaaban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2022.101876","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3243","article-title":"Impact of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on liver steatosis\/fibrosis\/inflammation and redox balance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Bellanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0165","article-title":"Effect of Empagliflozin on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial (E-LIFT Trial)","volume":"41","author":"Kuchay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836455","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.836455","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102792","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1102792","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of 5 sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor and 4 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist drugs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15580","article-title":"The effects of dapagliflozin on hepatic and visceral fat in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Phrueksotsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borisov, A.N., Kutz, A., Christ, E.R., Heim, M.H., and Ebrahimi, F. (2023). Canagliflozin and Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights From CANVAS. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., dgad249. online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad249"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2069","article-title":"Antifibrotic effect and long-term outcome of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD complicated by diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Arai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.32725\/jab.2022.015","article-title":"Exenatide prevents statin-related LDL receptor increase and improves insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells (1.1E7) in a protein kinase A-dependent manner","volume":"20","author":"Buldak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2478\/ahem-2021-0037","article-title":"Exenatide improves antioxidant capacity and reduces the expression of LDL receptors and PCSK9 in human insulin-secreting 1.1E7 cell line subjected to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress","volume":"76","author":"Skudrzyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Hig. I Med. Do\u015bwiadczalnej"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2861","article-title":"The impact of exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in normal human astrocytes subjected to various glycemic conditions","volume":"17","author":"Machnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2023, August 10). Study of Semaglutide for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a Metabolic Syndrome With Insulin Resistance, Increased Hepatic Lipids, and Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk (The SLIM LIVER Study), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04216589."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2023, August 10). Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the HEpatic Response to Oral Glucose, and the Effect of Semaglutide (NAFLD HEROES), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03884075."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2023, August 10). Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05813249."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2023, August 11). A Multiple Dose Study of LY3502970 in Healthy Overweight and Obese Participants. Available online: https:\/\/ichgcp.net\/clinical-trials-registry\/NCT05841238."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2023, August 11). A Study of LY3502970 in Participants With Obesity or Overweight With Weight-related Comorbidities, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05051579."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15150","article-title":"Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1b, multicentre, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, multiple-ascending-dose study in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Pratt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.03.010","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Primary Care and Endocrinology Clinical Settings","volume":"28","author":"Cusi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00811-0","article-title":"The incretin co-agonist tirzepatide requires GIPR for hormone secretion from human islets","volume":"5","author":"El","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa863","article-title":"Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"106","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2023, August 11). A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (SYNERGY-NASH), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04166773."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1892","article-title":"Effects of Novel Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide on Biomarkers of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Hartman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00070-5","article-title":"Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): A substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial","volume":"10","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.013","article-title":"A phase IIa active-comparator-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efinopegdutide in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Lawitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2151","article-title":"Effects of Cotadutide on Metabolic and Hepatic Parameters in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A 54-Week Randomized Phase 2b Study","volume":"44","author":"Nahra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cotadutide Given by Subcutaneous Injection in Adult Participants with Non-cirrhotic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis With Fibrosis. (PROXYMO-ADV), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05364931."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.03.041","article-title":"Clinical Trial Landscape in NASH","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). ALT-801 in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Overweight and Obese Subjects with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05006885."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). Extension of ALT-801 in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Overweight and Obese Subjects with (NAFLD), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05292911."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prikhodko, V.A., Bezborodkina, N.N., and Okovityi, S.V. (2022). Pharmacotherapy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Emerging Targets and Drug Candidates. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020274"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). HM14320. Available online: https:\/\/adisinsight.springer.com\/drugs\/800053783."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). A Study to Test Safety and Efficacy of BI456906 in Adults with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Fibrosis (F1-F3), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04771273."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of PF-06882961 in Adults with Obesity, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04707313."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HM15211 in Subjects, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04505436."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). A Study of Multiple Doses of HM15211 in Obese Subjects with NAFLD, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03744182."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2023, August 12). A Study of LY3437943 in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04881760."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301972","article-title":"Triple\u2013Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity\u2014A Phase 2 Trial","volume":"389","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182037","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1182037","article-title":"New anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Kongmalai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155248","article-title":"Recent guidelines for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD)\/ Fatty Liver Disease (FLD): Are they already outdated and in need of supplementation?","volume":"136","author":"Mantzoros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101120187811","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816999201110195634","article-title":"Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\u2014Systematic Review and Metanalysis","volume":"17","author":"Duarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"CDR"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S158053","article-title":"Effect of sitagliptin on hepatic histological activity and fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients: A 1-year randomized control trial","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"HMER"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"491","article-title":"The Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"42","author":"Ozan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cumhur. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096064","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1096064","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of anti-diabetics on non-diabetic NAFLD: A network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00644-5","article-title":"Beneficial effect of omarigliptin on diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Hattori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029-P","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1029-P","article-title":"1029-P: Teneligliptin Significantly Reduces Liver Fat Content (LFC) and Delays Progression of NASH in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients","volume":"68","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S262284","article-title":"Effect of Saxagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor, on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.65.1.33","article-title":"The efficacy of saxagliptin in T2DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Preliminary data","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.569","article-title":"Efficacy of alogliptin in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Mashitani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.047","article-title":"Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone in Nondiabetic Subjects with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"135","author":"Aithal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0167","article-title":"Role of Vitamin E for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"42","author":"Bril","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108984","article-title":"Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: Clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial","volume":"178","author":"Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Role of Thiazolidinediones in the Amelioration of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Ndakotsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"(2023, August 30). A 24 Week, Multicenter, Prospective, Open-labeled, Single-arm, Exploratory Phase 4 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lobeglitazone in Decreasing Intrahepatic Fat Contents in Type 2 Diabetes with NAFLD, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/results\/NCT02285205?view=results."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.1.60","article-title":"Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.04.007","article-title":"Inhibition of ketohexokinase in adults with NAFLD reduces liver fat and inflammatory markers: A randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Kazierad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14946","article-title":"A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Saxena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"(2023, August 13). Ketohexokinase Inhibition in NAFLD (KHKi), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05463575."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20367","article-title":"Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes: Insights from the Cellular to Patient Levels","volume":"15","author":"Pinyopornpanish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2012.18","article-title":"Metformin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2446-4","article-title":"Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"55","author":"Musso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03869.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: Pilot study of metformin for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"29","author":"Loomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41583.x","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Metformin versus Vitamin E or Prescriptive Diet in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"100","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.11.008","article-title":"The Role of Cholesterol in the Pathogenesis of NASH","volume":"27","author":"Ioannou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2021.0055","article-title":"The treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia\u2014A local perspective","volume":"72","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2016.03.016","article-title":"Current and future trends in the lipid lowering therapy","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.001","article-title":"Statins\u2019 efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Boutari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pleiotropic Effects of Statins in the Light of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Ahsan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X104696","article-title":"Effect of multifactorial treatment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome: A randomised study","volume":"22","author":"Athyros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61272-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: A post-hoc analysis","volume":"376","author":"Athyros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y., Rhee, H., Kim, Y., Lee, M., Lee, B.-W., Kang, E.S., Cha, B.-S., Choi, J.-Y., and Lee, Y. (2022). Ezetimibe combination therapy with statin for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An open-label randomized controlled trial (ESSENTIAL study). BMC Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02288-2"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, W.M., Bae, J.H., Chang, Y., Lee, S.H., Moon, J.E., Jeong, S.W., Jang, J.Y., Kim, S.G., Kim, H.S., and Yoo, J.-J. (2021). Effect of Nutrition Education in NAFLD Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Hyperlipidemia Pharmacotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124453"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2017.194","article-title":"Ezetimibe decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score but not hepatic steatosis","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14943","article-title":"Statin liver safety in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and metanalysis","volume":"88","author":"Pastori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brit J. Clin. Pharma"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002517","article-title":"Statin can reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.008","article-title":"Circulating PCSK9 levels are not associated with the severity of hepatic steatosis and NASH in a high-risk population","volume":"278","author":"Wargny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.06.005","article-title":"A case of hypocholesterolemia and steatosis in a carrier of a PCSK9 loss-of-function mutation and polymorphisms predisposing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Vokaer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emma, M.R., Giannitrapani, L., Cabibi, D., Porcasi, R., Pantuso, G., Augello, G., Giglio, R.V., Re, N.L., Capitano, A.R., and Montalto, G. (2020). Hepatic and circulating levels of PCSK9 in morbidly obese patients: Relation with severity of liver steatosis. Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1865.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2020.158792"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14711","article-title":"PCSK9 rs11591147 R46L loss-of-function variant protects against liver damage in individuals with NAFLD","volume":"41","author":"Grimaudo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.11.009","article-title":"Analysis of steatosis biomarkers and inflammatory profile after adding on PCSK9 inhibitor treatment in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A single lipid center real-world experience","volume":"31","author":"Scicali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i12.1258","article-title":"Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type-9 inhibitors on fatty liver","volume":"12","author":"Shafiq","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9633-1","article-title":"Comparative clinical study between the effect of fenofibrate alone and its combination with pentoxifylline on biochemical parameters and liver stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Mostafa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000981","article-title":"Comparison of fenofibrate and pioglitazone effects on patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.08.003","article-title":"Effects of free omega-3 carboxylic acids and fenofibrate on liver fat content in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Oscarsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.044","article-title":"Fenofibrate Mitigates Hypertriglyceridemia in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients Treated With Cilofexor\/Firsocostat","volume":"21","author":"Lawitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1589","article-title":"Effects of Pemafibrate, a Novel Selective PPAR\u03b1 Modulator, on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"41","author":"Araki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.33160\/yam.2020.08.009","article-title":"Pemafibrate Dramatically Ameliorated the Values of Liver Function Tests and Fibrosis Marker in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"63","author":"Ikeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13571","article-title":"Effect of pemafibrate on fatty acid levels and liver enzymes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with dyslipidemia: A single-arm, pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Seko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2020.99528","article-title":"Pemafibrate decreases markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Shinozaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6574-20","article-title":"Impact of Pemafibrate in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease Pathologically Diagnosed with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Retrospective, Single-arm Study","volume":"60","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2021.106864","article-title":"Pemafibrate improves hepatic inflammation, function and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholicfatty liver disease: A one-year observational study","volume":"7","author":"Shinozaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16596","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: Pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 modulator (SPPARM\u03b1), versus placebo in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"54","author":"Nakajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12650","article-title":"Effect of 48-week pemafibrate on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with hypertriglyceridemia, as evaluated by the FibroScan- aspartate aminotransferase score","volume":"5","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10453-1","article-title":"Pemafibrate improves liver dysfunction and non-invasive surrogates for liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with hypertriglyceridemia: A multicenter study","volume":"17","author":"Morishita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073025","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1073025","article-title":"Effect of pemafibrate on liver enzymes and shear wave velocity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients","volume":"10","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2022.120099","article-title":"Pemafibrate therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is more effective in lean patients than obese patients","volume":"8","author":"Shinozaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287075","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4287075","article-title":"Clinical Case Series of Decrease in Shear Wave Elastography Values in Ten Diabetic Dyslipidemia Patients Having NAFLD with Saroglitazar 4 mg: An Indian Experience","volume":"2020","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Observational Study of Reduction in Glycemic Parameters and Liver Stiffness by Saroglitazar 4 mg in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"12","author":"Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78342-x","article-title":"Saroglitazar in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic dyslipidemia: A prospective, observational, real world study","volume":"10","author":"Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.03.012","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Saroglitazar in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Patients With Diabetic Dyslipidemia\u2014A Prospective, Interventional, Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"Rajesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.06.015","article-title":"Saroglitazar for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Single Centre Experience in 91 Patients","volume":"12","author":"Padole","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.01.018","article-title":"Saroglitazar, a Dual PPAR \u03b1\/\u03b3 Agonist, Improves Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Patients With Non-Cirrhotic Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pooled Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-021-01491-7","article-title":"Efficacy of elafibranor in patients with liver abnormalities especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"832","article-title":"Lanifibranor and NASH resolution","volume":"18","author":"Kotsiliti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23280","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.11.049","article-title":"Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"146","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.009","article-title":"Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reduces Hepatic Steatosis but Elevates Plasma Triglycerides in Mice and Humans: A Bedside to Bench Investigation","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.027","article-title":"GS-0976 Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Markers in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"155","author":"Loomba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"(2023, September 28). Metabolic Interventions to Resolve Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) with Fibrosis (MIRNA), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04321031."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19459-z","article-title":"FASN inhibition targets multiple drivers of NASH by reducing steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models","volume":"12","author":"Duke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31000","article-title":"Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor TVB-2640 Reduces Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis in Males With Metabolic Abnormalities","volume":"72","author":"Parks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.025","article-title":"TVB-2640 (FASN Inhibitor) for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: FASCINATE-1, a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2a Trial","volume":"161","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"(2023, September 24). Study of TVB-2640 in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04906421."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01489-1","article-title":"ACC inhibitor alone or co-administered with a DGAT2 inhibitor in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2a trials","volume":"27","author":"Calle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e056159","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056159","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an orally administered DGAT2 inhibitor alone or coadministered with a liver-targeted ACC inhibitor in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Rationale and design of the phase II, dose-ranging, dose-finding, randomised, placebo-controlled MIRNA (Metabolic Interventions to Resolve NASH with fibrosis) study","volume":"12","author":"Amin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_141","unstructured":"(2023, September 24). A Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of ION224, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04932512."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12095","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 as an emerging metabolic regulator: Clinical perspectives","volume":"78","author":"Woo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00347-8","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of pegozafermin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b\/2a multiple-ascending-dose study","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304286","article-title":"Randomized, Controlled Trial of the FGF21 Analogue Pegozafermin in NASH","volume":"389","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","unstructured":"(2023, September 24). To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pegozafermin in Subjects with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia (ENTRUST), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05852431."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2023.2230115","article-title":"Efruxifermin, an investigational treatment for fibrotic or cirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"32","author":"Puengel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"(2023, September 24). Bristol Myers Becomes Latest Victim of Unforgiving NASH as Midstage Asset Shelved. Available online: https:\/\/www.fiercebiotech.com\/biotech\/bristol-myers-becomes-latest-victim-unforgiving-nash-as-mid-stage-asset-shelved."},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"696","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2022.2083605","article-title":"Efficiency of ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferro, D., Baratta, F., Pastori, D., Cocomello, N., Colantoni, A., Angelico, F., and Del Ben, M. (2020). New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092762"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-021-05188-7","article-title":"The Role of Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and the Intestinal Barrier in Fatty Liver Diseases","volume":"26","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpi, R.Z., Barbalho, S.M., Sloan, K.P., Laurindo, L.F., Gonzaga, H.F., Grippa, P.C., Zutin, T.L.M., Girio, R.J.S., Repetti, C.S.F., and Detregiachi, C.R.P. (2022). The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158805"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz042","article-title":"Gut microbiome-targeted therapies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"110","author":"Sharpton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davani-Davari, D., Negahdaripour, M., Karimzadeh, I., Seifan, M., Mohkam, M., Masoumi, S.J., Berenjian, A., and Ghasemi, Y. (2019). Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications. Foods, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8030092"},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"7888076","article-title":"Effect of Probiotics Therapy on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"2022","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"670","article-title":"Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Pathogenesis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521239","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5521239","article-title":"Relationship of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2023","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"9","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-3012-z","article-title":"The Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Insulin Resistance","volume":"50","author":"Aydemir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L.-W., Chien, C.-Y., Yang, K.-J., Kuo, S.-F., Chen, C.-H., and Chien, R.-N. (2015). Helicobacter pylori Infection Increases Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Residents Younger than 50 Years Old: A Community-Based Study. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128671"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001601","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection may increase the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via promoting liver function damage, glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction and metabolic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00765-x","article-title":"Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with the risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Azami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuji, A., Yoshikawa, S., Ikeda, Y., Taniguchi, K., Sawamura, H., Morikawa, S., Nakashima, M., Asai, T., and Matsuda, S. (2023). Tactics with Prebiotics for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via the Improvement of Mitophagy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065465"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arellano-Garc\u00eda, L., Portillo, M.P., Mart\u00ednez, J.A., and Milton-Laskibar, I. (2022). Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063167"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Sun, D., Wang, Y., Du, Q., Zhang, Y., Han, R., Teng, M., Zhang, T., Shi, L., and Zheng, G. (2022). Evaluation of the current guidelines for antibacterial therapy strategies in patients with cirrhosis or liver failure. BMC Infect. Dis., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-07018-2"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000348","article-title":"Efficacy of rifaximin on circulating endotoxins and cytokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Gangarapu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001232","article-title":"Rifaximin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Hit multiple targets with a single shot","volume":"30","author":"Mousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i25.4491","article-title":"Eubiotic properties of rifaximin: Disruption of the traditional concepts in gut microbiota modulation","volume":"23","author":"Ponziani","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i16.1901","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A microbiota-centered view","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podszun, M.C., Alawad, A.S., Lingala, S., Morris, N., Huang, W.-C.A., Yang, S., Schoenfeld, M., Rolt, A., Ouwerkerk, R., and Valdez, K. (2020). Vitamin E treatment in NAFLD patients demonstrates that oxidative stress drives steatosis through upregulation of de-novo lipogenesis. Redox Biol., 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101710"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podszun, M.C., and Frank, J. (2021). Impact of vitamin E on redox biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol., 42.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101937"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793203","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.793203","article-title":"Efficacy of Off-Label Therapy for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Improving Non-invasive and Invasive Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S268","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0437","article-title":"Pharmacological advances in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases: Focused on global results of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahmi, A., Oryan, S., Eidi, A., and Rohani, A.H. (2023). Comparative effects of thymol and vitamin E on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male Wistar rats. Braz. J. Biol., 84.","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.268781"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03179-9","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and vitamin E improve high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats by regulating the AMPK pathway and oxidative stress","volume":"62","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15221","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: The effect of vitamin E supplementation in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Vadarlis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628482097491","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820974917","article-title":"The efficacy of vitamin E in reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Menshawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2019.0041","article-title":"Endocrine diseases as causes of secondary hyperlipidemia","volume":"70","author":"Marek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanase, D.M., Gosav, E.M., Neculae, E., Costea, C.F., Ciocoiu, M., Hurjui, L.L., Tarniceriu, C.C., and Floria, M. (2020). Hypothyroidism-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (HIN): Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Options. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165927"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32517-6","article-title":"Resmetirom (MGL-3196) for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"394","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1657","article-title":"Effects of Resmetirom on Noninvasive Endpoints in a 36-Week Phase 2 Active Treatment Extension Study in Patients With NASH","volume":"5","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_182","unstructured":"(2023, May 05). A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Safety and Biomarkers of Resmetirom (MGL-3196) in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), MAESTRO-NAFLD-Open-Label-Extension (MAESTRO-NAFLD-OLE), Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04951219."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.049","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in males with low testosterone concentrations","volume":"14","author":"Polyzos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1867094","article-title":"Long-term testosterone therapy improves liver parameters and steatosis in hypogonadal men: A prospective controlled registry study","volume":"23","author":"Yassin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.03.003","article-title":"Versatility of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid-Induced Hepatotoxicity","volume":"12","author":"Patil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70178-3_12","article-title":"Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism","volume":"1043","author":"Palmisano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31616-3","article-title":"Prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal, posmenopausal and polycystic ovary syndrome women. The role of estrogens","volume":"9","author":"Ramos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0559","article-title":"Associations between sex hormones and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in a middle-aged and elderly community","volume":"69","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-022-00369-8","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy in women with dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Polyzos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqaa134","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa134","article-title":"NAFLD and NASH in Postmenopausal Women: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"161","author":"DiStefano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00526-1","article-title":"Oophorectomy and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink","volume":"34","author":"Florio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2015-1359","article-title":"Growth Hormone Signaling in Liver Diseases: Therapeutic Potentials and Controversies","volume":"43","author":"Oxley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057769","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1057769","article-title":"Positive association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and growth hormone deficiency in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3624","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac405","article-title":"The GH\/IGF-1 Axis Is Associated with Intrahepatic Lipid Content and Hepatocellular Damage in Overweight\/Obesity","volume":"107","author":"Dichtel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14344","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on liver fat content in young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"94","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14325","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14325","article-title":"Dose-response Relationship of Serum Uric Acid with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57784-3","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates insulin resistance and diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"10","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.32725\/jab.2023.009","article-title":"Antioxidant action of xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat protects the liver and blood vasculature in SHRSP5\/Dmcr rats","volume":"21","author":"Kakimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_199","unstructured":"(2023, June 09). NCT05474560, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05474560."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessoku, T., Kobayashi, T., Tanaka, K., Yamamoto, A., Takahashi, K., Iwaki, M., Ozaki, A., Kasai, Y., Nogami, A., and Honda, Y. (2021). The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158161"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622314567678","article-title":"Lubiprostone in constipation: Clinical evidence and place in therapy","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121176","article-title":"Lubiprostone significantly represses fatty liver diseases via induction of mucin and HDL release in mice","volume":"311","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30216-8","article-title":"Lubiprostone in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial","volume":"5","author":"Kessoku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_204","unstructured":"(2023, May 30). NCT05768334, Available online: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05768334."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12530","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 inhibitors in amelioration of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats","volume":"34","author":"Heeba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00519-y","article-title":"The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"12","author":"Vachliotis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i2.569","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13549","article-title":"The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and pentoxifylline in guinea pigs with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"128","author":"Ipsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101049","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis: State of the art on effective therapeutics based on the gold standard method for diagnosis","volume":"50","author":"Mikhailidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2023.106766","article-title":"The role of platelets in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutics","volume":"169","author":"Malladi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220583","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0583","article-title":"Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865497","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.865497","article-title":"Curcumin\u2014The Nutraceutical With Pleiotropic Effects? Which Cardiometabolic Subjects Might Benefit the Most?","volume":"9","author":"Surma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2017.69326","article-title":"Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel","volume":"13","author":"Cicero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/141941","article-title":"PoLA\/CFPiP\/PCS\/PSLD\/PSD\/PSH guidelines on diagnosis and therapy of lipid disorders in Poland 2021","volume":"17","author":"Banach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2021.06.010","article-title":"Impact of nutraceuticals on markers of systemic inflammation: Potential relevance to cardiovascular diseases\u2014 A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)","volume":"67","author":"Ruscica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashtary-Larky, D., Rezaei Kelishadi, M., Bagheri, R., Moosavian, S.P., Wong, A., Davoodi, S.H., Khalili, P., Dutheil, F., Suzuki, K., and Asbaghi, O. (2021). The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Antioxid, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071015"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102843","article-title":"Curcumin as adjuvant treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Ngu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33023-3","article-title":"An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand","volume":"13","author":"Lukkunaprasit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_219","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of chronic coffee consumption on the risk of kidney and other organ diseases. Review of the literature and clinical studies","volume":"15","author":"Surma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ren. Dis. Transplant. Forum"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106596","article-title":"Coffee or tea: Anti-inflammatory properties in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"187","author":"Surma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1203","article-title":"Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-021-01156-3","article-title":"Coffee and Arterial Hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Surma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111747","article-title":"Coffee and caffeine consumption and overall mortality. Pleasure with restrictions-where do we really stand in 2022?","volume":"102","author":"Surma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sewter, R., Heaney, S., and Patterson, A. (2021). Coffee Consumption and the Progression of NAFLD: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072381"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.08.071","article-title":"The effect of coffee consumption on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis of 11 epidemiological studies","volume":"20","author":"Hayat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786596","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.786596","article-title":"Coffee Consumption and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella Review and a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kositamongkol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13523","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: Coffee consumption and the risk of cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j5024","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5024","article-title":"Coffee consumption and health: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes","volume":"359","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Mishra, A.P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P.V.T., Martins, N., and Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits. Biomedicines, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6030091"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Yuan, W., Fang, J., Wang, W., He, P., Lei, J., and Wang, C. (2016). Efficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161792"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakubczyk, K., Skonieczna-\u017bydecka, K., Ka\u0142du\u0144ska, J., Stachowska, E., Gutowska, I., and Janda, K. (2020). Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082435"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-01059-9","article-title":"Vitamin D and Arterial Hypertension: Facts and Myths","volume":"22","author":"Adamczak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.025","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular health","volume":"40","author":"Vallecillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12377","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Eliades","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11950-x","article-title":"Additional treatment of vitamin D for improvement of insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sindhughosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732496","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.732496","article-title":"The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Rezaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106679","article-title":"Nutraceutical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)","volume":"189","author":"Rizzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12271","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012271","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"97","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, E., Patanwala, I., Jafari, A., Davies, I.G., Kirwan, R.P., Newson, L., Mazidi, M., and Lane, K.E. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patient biomarkers and parameters. Nutr. Rev., nuad054. online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad054"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico, A., Dallio, M., and Loguercio, C. (2017). Silymarin\/Silybin and Chronic Liver Disease: A Marriage of Many Years. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22020191"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111092","article-title":"Impact of Silymarin in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Kalopitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5603\/FC.2021.0045","article-title":"Garlic for arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. Review of literature studies and clinical studies","volume":"16","author":"Surma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Folia Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105294","article-title":"Effects of garlic supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-022-01287-8","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of garlic in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Rastkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220194","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-22-0194","article-title":"Treating inflammation to combat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"256","author":"Wiering","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1789\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:02:58Z","timestamp":1760130178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"references-count":245,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59101789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59101789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]}}}