{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:10:43Z","timestamp":1793304643634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify specific rhino- and oropharyngeal microbiological pathogens as well as associated comorbidities that favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and corelate them. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study enrolled 61 patients (28 COVID-19-positive and 33 controls) who were tested for other comorbidities and co-existence of associated oral pathogenic microbiota. Results: A total of 247 bacterial isolates were identified in the bacterial cultures in both groups. Viral hepatitis type A was more prevalent in the COVID-19-positive group (p = 0.026), as was the presence of oral candidiasis (p = 0.006). In the control group, a moderate direct relationship was observed between the Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and dermatitis, and strong direct relationships were observed between the Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and external otitis, Streptococcus pyogenes and dental alveolitis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In the test group, strong direct relationships were observed between Hemophilus influenzae and pulmonary thromboembolism; Staphylococcus aureus and autoimmune thyroiditis; post-viral immunosuppression, chronic coronary syndrome, and hypernatremia; Beta hemolytic streptococcus group C and rheumatoid polyneuropathy; Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and hyperkalemia, hypothyroidism, secondary anemia, and splenomegaly; and active oral candidiasis and SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia. The following relationships were strong, but inverse: Beta hemolytic streptococcus group G and acute respiratory failure, and active oral candidiasis and SARS-CoV-2 viral bronchopneumonia. Conclusions: Briefly, COVID-19-positive patients have the predisposition to build up associated comorbidities and coinfections, which can be the expression of the immune burden that this virus generates to the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1697699736000},"page":"1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Associated Bacterial Coinfections in COVID-19-Positive Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Eugen Radu","family":"Boia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru Romulus","family":"Hu\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Researcher, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4790-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Roi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra Elena","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3214-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian Ioan","family":"Roi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea","family":"Rivi\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7458-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simina","family":"Boia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina Octavia","family":"Duse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Balneology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for the Evaluation of Movement, Functionality and Disability, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Dumitru","family":"Vulc\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin George","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization\u2014WHO (2020). 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