{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:35:22Z","timestamp":1788222922312,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KA-KENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K18164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K18164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KA-KENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K18188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K18188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: A relationship between endometrial polypectomy and in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes has been reported; however, only a few studies have compared polyp removal techniques and pregnancy rates. We investigated whether different polypectomy techniques with endometrial curettage and hysteroscopic polypectomy for endometrial polyps affect subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 434 patients who had undergone polypectomy for suspected endometrial polyps using transvaginal ultrasonography before embryo transfer in IVF at four institutions between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, there were 157 and 277 patients in the hysteroscopic (mean age: 35.0 years) and curettage (mean age: 37.3 years) groups, respectively. Single-blastocyst transfer cases were selected from both groups and age-matched to unify background factors. Results: In the single-blastocyst transfer cases, 148 (mean age: 35.0 years) and 196 (mean age: 35.9 years) were in the hysteroscopic and curettage groups, respectively, with the 148 cases matched by age. In these cases, the pregnancy rates for the first embryo transfer were 68.2% (odds ratio (OR): 2.14) and 51.4% (OR: 1.06) in the hysteroscopic and curettage groups, respectively; the resulting OR was 2.03. The pregnancy rates after up to the second transfer were 80.4% (OR: 4.10) and 68.2% (OR: 2.14) in the hysteroscopic and curettage groups, respectively, in which the OR was 1.91. The live birth rates were 66.2% (OR: 1.956) and 53.4% (OR: 1.15) in the hysteroscopic and curettage groups, respectively, in which the odds ratio was 1.71. These results show the effectiveness of hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy compared to polypectomy with endometrial curettage. No significant difference was found regarding the miscarriage rates between the two groups. Conclusions: Hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy resulted in a higher pregnancy rate in subsequent embryo transfer than polypectomy with endometrial curettage. Therefore, establishing a facility where polypectomy can be performed hysteroscopically is crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T11:53:56Z","timestamp":1697802836000},"page":"1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pregnancy Rates after Hysteroscopic Endometrial Polypectomy versus Endometrial Curettage Polypectomy: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Maezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Tarui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Osaka Clinic, 1-1-14 Nagatahigashi, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mito","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erina","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kawato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawato Ladies Clinic, 1-16-11 Betsumei, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0007, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minoura Ladies Clinic, 3-9-17 Isoyama, Suzuka, Mie 510-0256, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Minoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minoura Ladies Clinic, 3-9-17 Isoyama, Suzuka, Mie 510-0256, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Sugaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, 15-6 asahimachiichiku, Matsusaka, Mie 515-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisaku","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Osaka Clinic, 1-1-14 Nagatahigashi, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edo-bashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)91122-9","article-title":"Hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility","volume":"137","author":"Valle","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2003.00163.x","article-title":"Significance of endometrial polyps detected hysteroscopically in eumenorrheic infertile women","volume":"30","author":"Shokeir","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1754387","article-title":"Hysteroscopy in postmenopause: From diagnosis to the management of intrauterine pathologies","volume":"23","author":"Fagioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.12.002","article-title":"Italian School of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery Hysteroscopists Group. Effectiveness of hysteroscopic techniques for endometrial polyp removal: The Italian multicenter trial","volume":"26","author":"Luerti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.06.044","article-title":"Detection of feeding artery improves the ultrasound diagnosis of endometrial polyps in asymptomatic patients","volume":"119","author":"Jakab","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.02.009","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial polyps and adjacent endometrium in postmenopausal women","volume":"49","author":"Nogueira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"16","article-title":"Endometrial polyps in women of reproductive age: Clinical and pathogene-tic variations","volume":"273","author":"Kosei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Georgian Med. New"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh779","article-title":"Endometrial micropolyps at fluid hysteroscopy suggest the existence of chronic endometritis","volume":"20","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13937","article-title":"Review: Chronic endometritis and its effect on reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Kimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu292","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic endometritis in repeated unexplained implantation failure and the IVF success rate after antibiotic therapy","volume":"30","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.03.017","article-title":"Effects of chronic endometritis therapy on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with repeated implantation failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Vitagliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3131-2","article-title":"The hysteroscopy and histological diagnosis and treatment value of chronic endometritis in recurrent implantation failure patients","volume":"289","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13392","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13392","article-title":"Analysis of the therapeutic effects of hysteroscopic polypectomy with and without doxycycline treatment on chronic endometritis with endometrial polyps","volume":"85","author":"Kuroda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"168","article-title":"Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy and myomectomy in infertile women","volume":"94","author":"Varasteh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.08.031","article-title":"Hysteroscopic polypectomy in 240 premenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"83","author":"Preutthipan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-008-9245-y","article-title":"Thin unresponsive endometrium--A possible complication of surgical curettage compromising ART outcome","volume":"25","author":"Shufaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmit.2012.12.009","article-title":"Removal of endometrial polyps through a small-caliber diagnostic flexible hysteroscope using a Lin polyp snare system","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol. Minim. Invasive Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14400","article-title":"Comparison of endometrial polyp recurrence in fertile women after office hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy using two widely spread techniques","volume":"46","author":"Ceci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.10.006","article-title":"Hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy with manual vacuum aspiration compared to mechanical morcellation","volume":"26","author":"Baikpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitagliano, A., Cialdella, M., Cicinelli, R., Santarsiero, C.M., Greco, P., Buzzaccarini, G., Noventa, M., and Cicinelli, E. (2021). Association between endometrial polyps and chronic endometritis: Is it time for a paradigm shift in the pathophysiology of endometrial polyps in pre-menopausal women? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11122182"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.09.025","article-title":"Hysteroscopy prior to the first IVF cycle: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pundir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101763","article-title":"Impact of hysteroscopic metroplasty on reproductive outcomes of women with a dysmorphic uterus and recurrent miscarriages: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Riemma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2023.03.004","article-title":"Guideline No. 435: Minimally invasive surgery in fertility therapy","volume":"45","author":"Motan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-022-01248-y","article-title":"Ultra-minimally invasive surgery in gynecological patients: A review of the literature","volume":"74","author":"Riemma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Updates Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq150","article-title":"Prevalence of unsuspected uterine cavity abnormalities diagnosed by office hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization","volume":"25","author":"Fatemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"103","article-title":"1000 office-based hysteroscopies prior to in vitro fertilization: Feasibility and findings","volume":"8","author":"Hinckley","year":"2004","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.12.030","article-title":"Results of 2500 office-based diagnostic hysteroscopies before IVF","volume":"20","author":"Karayalcin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Moore, J.F., and Carugno, J. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_12_20","article-title":"A prospective randomized comparative clinical trial of hysteroscopic septal resection using conventional resectoscope versus mini-resectoscope","volume":"14","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13254","article-title":"Role of dilatation and curettage performed for spontaneous or induced abortion in the etiology of endometrial thinning","volume":"43","author":"Azumaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.030","article-title":"Endometrial thickness after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin, clomiphene, or letrozole for unexplained infertility, and association with treatment outcomes","volume":"115","author":"Quaas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karavani, G., Alexandroni, H., Sheinin, D., Dior, U.P., Simon, A., Ben-Meir, A., and Reubinoff, B. (2021). Endometrial thickness following early miscarriage in IVF patients-is there a preferred management approach?. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00780-7"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.9863","article-title":"Dilatation and curettage effect on the endometrial thickness","volume":"15","author":"Davar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. Red. Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03276-9","article-title":"Increased endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection does not adversely affect pregnancy or implantation rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"77","author":"Dietterich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.21.04919-8","article-title":"Stem cell therapy in the treatment of organic and dysfunctional endometrial pathology","volume":"74","author":"Cittadini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, L., Cao, J., Hu, M., Xu, D., Li, Y., Zhao, S., Yuan, J., Zhang, H., Huang, Y., and Jin, H. (2022). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with estrogen synergistically promote endometrial regeneration and reverse EMT via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00988-1"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Wang, Y., Wen, X., Xu, X., and Yan, L. (2022). \u03b2-klotho promotes the development of intrauterine adhesions via the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911294"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1868\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:09:16Z","timestamp":1760130556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59101868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59101868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]}}}