{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:21:07Z","timestamp":1792574467648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The endovascular treatment of symptomatic benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) by prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is one of the new treatments proposed. PAE is a minimally invasive alternative that has been shown to successfully treat lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH patients by causing infarction and necrosis of hyperplastic adenomatous tissue, which decompresses urethral impingement and improves obstructive symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of PAE in relieving symptoms in patients with symptomatic BPH. Materials and\u00a0Methods: The material for the study was collected from 2019 to 2022. A total of 70 men with BPH and PAE were studied. Patients underwent an urological examination to measure the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life score (QoL), International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5), uroflowmetry with Qmax, prostatic volume (PV), and post-void residual volume (PVR) measurements. Statistical analysis for dependent samples was applied. Measured parameters at 2 months and 6 months follow-up were compared to baseline. Results: At baseline, the age of the male (N = 70) subjects was 74 \u00b1 9.6 years with a median of 73.8, but fluctuated from 53 to 90 years. The mean of PV was almost 111 mL and the Qmax was close to 7.7 mL\/s. The average PVR was 107.6 mL. The IPSS score mean was 21.3 points and the QoL score was 4.53 points. The IIEF-5 questionnaire score was almost 1.8 points, which shows severe erectile dysfunction. The mean value of the PSA level was 5.8 ng\/mL. After 2 and 6 months of PAE, all indicators and scores except erectile function significantly improved. Conclusions: The outcomes of our study show promising results for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after PAE. The main prostate-related parameters (PV, Qmax, PVR, IPSS) improved significantly 6 months after embolization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:59:01Z","timestamp":1697893141000},"page":"1871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prostatic Artery Embolization as a Treatment Option for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results from the Prospective Follow-Up Study in Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Tautvydas","family":"Jankauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgaras","family":"Bur\u017einskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rytis Stasys","family":"Kaupas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Algidas","family":"Basevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindaugas","family":"Jievaltas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44991-3","article-title":"3-year follow-up of urinary symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate","volume":"136","author":"Bruskewitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2019.02.003","article-title":"Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"46","author":"Langan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.07.012","article-title":"Prostate Artery Embolization for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results From a Prospective FDA-Approved Investigational Device Exemption Study","volume":"120","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2018.05.012","article-title":"Prostate artery embolization in patients with prostate volumes of 80 mL or more: A single-institution retrospective experience of 93 patients","volume":"29","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002184","article-title":"Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA GUIDELINE PART II-Surgical Evaluation and Treatment","volume":"206","author":"Lerner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"843","article-title":"Current Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"117","author":"Miernik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.10.01","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment modalities for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"8","author":"Lokeshwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.04.001","article-title":"Medium- and Long-Term Outcome of Prostate Artery Embolization for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results in 630 Patients","volume":"27","author":"Pisco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.08.018","article-title":"Comparative analysis of prostate volume as a predictor of outcome in prostate artery embolization","volume":"26","author":"Bagla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.10.012","article-title":"Prostatic artery embolization for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with prostates > 90 g: A prospective single-center study","volume":"26","author":"Moreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.04.028","article-title":"Prostatic artery embolization for prostate volume greater than 80 cm3: Results from a single-center prospective study","volume":"84","author":"Kurbatov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M.Q., Guo, L.P., Zhang, G.D., Yuan, K., Li, K., Duan, F., Yan, J.Y., Wang, Y., Kang, H.Y., and Wang, Z.J. (2015). Prostatic arterial embolization for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to large (>80 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results of midterm follow-up from Chinese population. BMC Urol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-015-0026-5"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.01.146","article-title":"Prostatic artery embolization using embosphere microspheres for prostates measuring 80\u2013150 cm3: Early results from a US trial","volume":"27","author":"Isaacson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2023, July 18). International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). Available online: https:\/\/www.ruh.nhs.uk\/patients\/urology\/documents\/patient_leaflets\/form_ipss.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Mamoulakis, C.H., and Oelke, M. (2018). Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.12.019","article-title":"Quality of life and clinical symptom improvement support prostatic artery embolization for patients with acute urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"24","author":"Carnevale","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2023, July 18). IIEF Scores. Available online: https:\/\/www.urologypartners.co.uk\/repository\/originals\/The_International_Index_of_Erectile_Function.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"AS145","article-title":"Measuring disease-specific health status in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Measurement Committee of The American Urological Association","volume":"33","author":"Barry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.12.023","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction in men: Detrusor wall thickness, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume","volume":"52","author":"Oelke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.038","article-title":"How should prostate specific antigen be interpreted?","volume":"39","author":"Atan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.04.015","article-title":"Re-examining Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Density: Defining the Optimal PSA Range and Patients for Using PSA Density to Predict Prostate Cancer Using Extended Template Biopsy","volume":"105","author":"Jue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200144","article-title":"Prostatic Artery Embolization: Indications, Preparation, Techniques, Imaging Evaluation, Reporting, and Complications","volume":"41","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111601","article-title":"Prostatic arterial embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Short- and intermediate-term results","volume":"266","author":"Pisco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122803","article-title":"Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Prostatic arterial embolization versus transurethral resection of the prostate--a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial","volume":"270","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02381-9","article-title":"The First 48 Consecutive Patients with 3-Year Symptom Score Follow-Up Post-Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) at a Single-Centre University Hospital","volume":"43","author":"Maclean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.058","article-title":"Morbidity, mortality and early outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate: A prospective multicenter evaluation of 10,654 patients","volume":"180","author":"Reich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.02.014","article-title":"Prostatic Artery Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Prospective Randomized Trial of 100\u2013300 \u03bcm versus 300\u2013500 \u03bcm versus 100- to 300-\u03bcm + 300- to 500-\u03bcm Embospheres","volume":"30","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.08.005","article-title":"Prostatic Artery Embolization Using 100-300-\u03bcm Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributable to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Single-Center Outcomes Analysis with Medium-Term Follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Ayyagari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-015-1202-4","article-title":"Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) versus original and perfected prostate artery embolization (PAE) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Preliminary results of a single center, prospective, urodynamic controlled analysis","volume":"39","author":"Carnevale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.11.062","article-title":"Complications and early postoperative outcome after open prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic enlargement: Results of a prospective multicenter study","volume":"177","author":"Gratzke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-019-0049-1","article-title":"Prostate embolization: Patient selection, clinical management and results","volume":"2","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2016.04.012","article-title":"Role of prostatic artery embolization in management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"47","author":"Shaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Radiol. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naidu, S.G., Narayanan, H., Saini, G., Segaran, N., Alzubaidi, S.J., Patel, I.J., and Oklu, R. (2021). Prostate Artery Embolization-Review of Indications, Patient Selection, Techniques and Results. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215139"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-023-01170-9","article-title":"Prostatic Arterial Embolization for Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement","volume":"24","author":"Curtin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1871\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:09:27Z","timestamp":1760130567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/10\/1871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59101871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59101871","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]}}}