{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:30:29Z","timestamp":1782516629526,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Dermatological disorders are highly prevalent among children in Pakistan. The present cross-sectional study aims to identify the spectrum of dermatological conditions among children and adolescents in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 582 patients (50.9% males; 49.1% females) were included in the study based on their age (5.7 \u00b1 4.1 years), dermatological condition, and epidemiology. The youngest patient was aged ten days, whereas the eldest was seventeen. Age criteria were further stratified into three categories: infants and toddlers (\u22645 years), children (\u22655 to &lt;12 years), and adolescents (\u226512 to &lt;18 years). Amongst them, the majority was from Punjab (81.6%), while the other regions included were Azad Jammu and Kashmir (14.4%), Islamabad (3.3%), and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (0.7%). Results: Scabies was the highest reported skin condition with 281 (45.55%) patients, followed by 114 (19.6%) with eczema, 60 (10.3%) with dermatitis, 33 (5.7%) with tinea capitis, 17 (2.9%) with tinea corporis, 16 (2.7%) with impetigo, and 15 (2.6%) with folliculitis. Other conditions include urticaria, burns, infections, pediculosis, tinea inguinalis, tinea faciei, nappy rashes, alopecia, warts, tinea incognito, tinea cruris, and acne vulgaris. The chi-squared test showed a high prevalence of tinea corporis and acne among adolescents (12\u201317 years), whereas eczema, dermatitis, and impetigo were more prevalent among infants and toddlers. Conclusions: Pets or livestock and poor hygiene were found to be highly reported risk factors for many dermatological conditions like scabies and fungal infections. Dermatological conditions are common in younger individuals, but unfortunately, many children do not receive the desired medical assistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1698399772000},"page":"1905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns of Common Dermatological Conditions among Children and Adolescents in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arfa","family":"Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammina","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, Bank Road Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan Hassan","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS\u2014Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7497-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmood","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2575-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Abu Bakr","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Riphah International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana Muhammad Zahid","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Aroosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Saleet","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeem","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajeeha","family":"Ramish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.93","article-title":"Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of vaccinations in premature infants","volume":"11","author":"Esposito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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