{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:36:29Z","timestamp":1760150189811,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Treatment for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) must deal with immunosuppression, as well as infections associated with a compromised immune system, such as tuberculosis (TB). Our aim was to examine the risk of incidental TB after diagnosis of AAV. Materials and Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study was based on the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients with newly diagnosed granulomatous polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis were identified between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012. The primary outcome was risk of incidental TB. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between AAV and incidental TB. Results: A total of 2257 patients with AAV and a propensity-score matched cohort of 9028 patients were studied. Overall, patients with AAV were at a 1.48\u00d7 higher risk of contracting incidental TB than the patients in the matched cohort (adjusted HR 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02\u20132.15). Note that the highest risk of contracting incidental TB was in the first two years following a diagnosis of AAV, with a nearly 1-fold increase in risk (adjusted HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.01\u20133.60). Female AAV patients were 3.24\u00d7 more likely than females without AAV to develop TB (adjusted HR 3.24; 95% CI, 1.85\u20135.67). Conclusions: Patients with AAV exhibit a 48% elevated TB risk, notably, a 91% increase within the first two years postdiagnosis. Female AAV patients face a 3.24 times higher TB risk compared to females without AAV. This study is limited by potential misclassification and overestimation of AAV cases. Clinicians should closely monitor TB risk in AAV patients, especially in females and the initial two years following diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T12:50:42Z","timestamp":1698670242000},"page":"1920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis and the Risk of Developing Incidental Tuberculosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8538-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan-Ho","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hsiang","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4946-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Hualien Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Tsang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.11450","article-title":"Global tuberculosis: Perspectives, prospects, and priorities","volume":"312","author":"Frieden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2013). 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