{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T20:26:10Z","timestamp":1775420770997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac","award":["15\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the influence of different swimming and running protocols as forms of physiological preconditioning on an isolated rat heart\u2019s ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 male Wistar albino rats (6 weeks old, bw: 200 \u00b1 20 g), divided into: CTRL group\u2014a sedentary control group; sAeT\u2014a group that underwent aerobic swimming conditioning using a swimming protocol for 8 weeks; sAnT\u2014a group that underwent anaerobic swimming conditioning; rAeT\u2014a group that underwent aerobic running conditioning; and rAnT\u2014a group that underwent anaerobic running conditioning. After the preconditioning protocols, ex vivo estimating of myocardial function according to the Langendorff technique was performed. Results: The anaerobic running training decreased heart rate and the anaerobic swimming training reduced coronary flow, demonstrating the difference in the physiological heart response of aerobic\/anaerobic physical training (p &lt; 0.05). Heart rate was significantly reduced in both training swimming groups after a period of ischemia (p &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, the anaerobic running protocol induced a significantly decreased heart rate in comparison with the aerobic running group and the sedentary group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The data from this experimental study support many protective training effects, i.e., improved contractility, improved resting heart rate, and increased physical work capacity and exercise tolerance. Physical training in the form of anaerobic running induces greater heart preconditioning for reperfusion injury in comparison with anaerobic swimming training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T02:20:37Z","timestamp":1699928437000},"page":"1995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Enhanced Effects of Swimming and Running Preconditioning in an Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Milos","family":"Glisic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Nikolic Turnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7603-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bozidar","family":"Pindovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia Vasilievna","family":"Chichkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Faculty Therapy, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir Petrovich","family":"Fisenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazar","family":"Stijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine University in Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4\/II., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lemina Elena","family":"Yurievna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Veselinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Rheumatology and Allergology, University Clinical Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Jovicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Skills, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Mihajlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Bolevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0071-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Jakovljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Street 8, Str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.09.040","article-title":"Prevalence and prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus","volume":"113","author":"Balakumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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