{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:48:07Z","timestamp":1793836087488,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphedema is a progressive condition. Its therapy aims to reduce edema, prevent its progression, and provide psychosocial aid. Nonsurgical treatment in advanced stages is mostly insufficient. Therefore\u2014in many cases\u2014surgical procedures, such as to restore lymph flow or excise lymphedema tissues, are the only ways to improve patients\u2019 quality of life. Imaging modalities: Lymphoscintigraphy (LS), near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging\u2014also termed indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography (ICG-L)\u2014ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL), computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are standardized techniques, which can be utilized in lymphedema diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up. Conclusions: The combined use of these imaging modalities and self-assessment questionnaires deliver objective parameters for choosing the most suitable surgical therapy and achieving the best possible postoperative outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59112016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T07:11:27Z","timestamp":1700118687000},"page":"2016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Imaging Modalities for Evaluating Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Bendeguz Istvan","family":"Nagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Mohos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, County Hospital Veszprem, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary"},{"name":"Balaton Private Clinic, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Han John","family":"Tzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Divine Savior, 1060 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Lymphedema Center Vienna, TZOU MEDICAL., 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Quality of Life of Women with Lower-Limb Lymphedema Following Gynecological Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Finnane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert. 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