{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:43:08Z","timestamp":1791916988715,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004491","name":"Balikesir University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to compare the protective efficacy of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) application in rats with experimental brain ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury induced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and to evaluate the protective effect of their combined use. Materials and\u00a0Methods: Forty-one young adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups\u2014control (n = 8), I\/R group (n = 8), melatonin (n = 8), NAC (n = 8), and melatonin + NAC (n = 9). Results: All scores differed between the groups, apart from vascular congestion (p &lt; 0.05). At two-way comparisons, all histological scores were significantly higher in the I\/R group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). No change occurred in the vascular congestion scores with the administration of melatonin, although decreases were determined in all other scores. These decreases were statistically significant for cellular eosinophilic pyknotic degeneration, vacuolization, and edema (p &lt; 0.05). All histopathological scores in the group administered NAC together with melatonin were significantly lower than in the I\/R group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The combined use of NAC and melatonin, the neuroprotective efficacy of which on histopathological parameters is shown in this study, now needs to be supported by further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59112026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T09:10:38Z","timestamp":1700212238000},"page":"2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Melatonin and n-Acetylcysteine in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2448-1270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilal","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Bulmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Korkut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Altun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Ba\u011fc\u0131lar Training and Research Hospital, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Engin","family":"Ulusal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.63.2.437","article-title":"Granulocytes and no-reflow phenomenon in irreversible hemorrhagic shock","volume":"63","author":"Zweifach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circ. 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