{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:46:52Z","timestamp":1780634812527,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Impaired cognition and pain after surgery contribute to prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality rates. Thus, the development of preemptive algorithms for reducing their impact should be prioritized. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficiency of using virtual reality (VR) to treat postoperative cognitive decline and pain perception. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, monocentric, clinical study that included 51 patients who have undergone major abdominal surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: Control (n = 25) and VR (n = 26). The VR sessions consisted of 5\u20138 min exposure at 24\u201348 h after surgery. We considered the outcome variables, the mini-mental state examination, and visual analogue scale at 24\u201348 h after surgery. The dependent variables were age, social status, educational level, and duration of surgery. Results: We did not observe any differences in postoperative cognition deficit with regard to VR. The VR, however, successfully reduced postoperative pain intensity. Moreover, the patients\u2019 age, surgery duration, level of education, and social status influenced the MMSE score at 24\u201348 h after surgery. Conclusions: Even if using VR does not alleviate short-term postoperative cognitive impairments, it could affect pain perception. Further studies are needed to support the use of VR in perioperative contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59112034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T10:10:06Z","timestamp":1700215806000},"page":"2034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Postoperative Cognitive Impairment and Pain Perception after Abdominal Surgery\u2014Could Immersive Virtual Reality Bring More? A Clinical Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Droc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2687-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeta","family":"Nita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Martac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miruna","family":"Jipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Irene","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Cobilinschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest Clinical Emergency Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada-Georgiana","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8195-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiana","family":"Ojog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Daniela","family":"Tanasescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.15360\/1813-9779-2023-1-2202","article-title":"Etiology and Pathogenesis of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (Review)","volume":"19","author":"Neimark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. 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