{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:41:44Z","timestamp":1760150504790,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a serious health and socio-economic problem. Accurate and reliable assessment of exposure to ACD factors in the work environment would increase quality of life and work of employees. The aim of this study was to assess the level of exposure of workers of a multidisciplinary hospital to the factors causing ACD. Material and Methods: The proprietary OSDES-16 questionnaire was used. The effectiveness of the OSDES-16 was confirmed statistically. The study included 230 employees of the medical center in Polanica Zdr\u00f3j, divided into groups. Results: The differences in the overall assessment of exposure between the individual groups in the OSDES-16 scale were statistically insignificant (p &gt; 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the current workplace and the level of exposure to ACD (p &gt; 0.05). The level of exposure to ACD in the group of employees with work experience in the current position for more than 10 years was significantly higher than those working less than 6 years (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the occupational group most exposed to the development of contact allergy related to exposure to factors present in the work environment. The seniority of more than 10 years in the current position was linked with a higher level of occupational exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59122084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1701086088000},"page":"2084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational Exposure of Employees in a Multispecialty Hospital to Factors Causing Contact Dermatitis\u2014A Questionnaire Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Aneta","family":"Drozdowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Medical School in Klodzko, 57-300 K\u0142odzko, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Drozdowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Medical School in Klodzko, 57-300 K\u0142odzko, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Medical Centre, 57-320 Polanica-Zdr\u00f3j, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ryczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Este Derm, 33-100 Tarnow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6593-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiodiagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jowita","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"\u0141\u0105tkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"S\u0142awi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adam Reich, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"EU-OSHA\u2014European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2021, February 03). Skin Diseases and Dermal Exposure: Policy and Practice Overview. Available online: https:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/report-skin-diseases-and-dermal-exposure-policy-and-practice-overview."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of skin diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malays. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04290.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of acne in the general population: The risk of smoking","volume":"145","author":"Nienhaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"50","article-title":"Cz\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0119powania chor\u00f3b sk\u00f3ry w losowej grupie doros\u0142ych Polak\u00f3w","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estetologia Med. Kosmetol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12587","article-title":"Prevalence of delayed-type and immediate-type hypersensitivity in healthcare workers with hand eczema","volume":"75","author":"Ibler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv139","article-title":"Healthcare workers and skin sensitization: North-eastern Italian database","volume":"66","author":"Prodi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2202","article-title":"Contact Allergy in Danish Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Study","volume":"96","author":"Schwensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01476.x","article-title":"Incidence of immediate allergy to latex gloves in hospital personnel","volume":"17","author":"Turjanmaa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01045.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: Modified in vitro test protocols for better detection of allergen-specific response","volume":"56","author":"Spiewak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2023.127645","article-title":"The novel questionnaire assessing occupational exposure to the risk factors of contact allergy among health professionals","volume":"40","author":"Drozdowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-012-0764-6","article-title":"Occupational skin diseases in Czech healthcare workers from 1997 to 2009","volume":"86","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12487","article-title":"Contact allergy to chlorhexidine in a tertiary dermatology clinic in Denmark","volume":"74","author":"Opstrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200128141900","article-title":"Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs","volume":"20","author":"Tramontana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5993.376","article-title":"Incidence of metal sensitivity in patients with total joint replacements","volume":"4","author":"Elves","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05408.x","article-title":"Patch tests in hip prosthesis rejection","volume":"1","author":"Nater","year":"1975","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1976.tb02986.x","article-title":"Rejection of metal to metal prosthesis and skin sensitivity to cobalt","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1976","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/12\/2084\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:31:40Z","timestamp":1760131900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/12\/2084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59122084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59122084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]}}}