{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1793655014814,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK130991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK130991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UE5 DK137308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UE5 DK137308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Cancer Society","award":["R01 DK130991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK130991"]}]},{"name":"American Cancer Society","award":["UE5 DK137308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UE5 DK137308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objective\u2014Obesity is a prevalent health concern that notably impairs male fertility through hormonal disruptions and other pathophysiological alterations. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can significantly reduce weight. This narrative review synthesizes the existing literature discussing the impact of glucagon-like peptide-GLP-1 RAs on the male reproductive system, particularly on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis and spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential impact on male fertility. Material and methods\u2014PubMed database was used for the retrieval of English-language articles published up to November 2023. This non-systematic literature review predominantly concentrates on both pre-clinical and clinical studies pertaining to GLP-1 RAs, specifically exploring their impact on male reproductive hormones and sperm parameters. Results\u2014GLP-1 receptors have been identified within the male reproductive system according to the existing literature. While the exact mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to be involved in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, both vital processes in spermatogenesis. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs for promoting weight loss. Recent studies show that the use of GLP-1 RAs in obese males may enhance sperm metabolism, motility, and insulin secretion in vitro, along with positive effects on the human Sertoli cells. Recent clinical trials discussed in this review demonstrate weight loss associated with GLP-1 RAs is correlated with improvements in sperm count, concentration, and motility. However, the direct impact of GLP-1 RAs on male reproductive hormones remains unclear, necessitating further research to confirm their potential role in treating male infertility. Conclusions\u2014This narrative review summarizes the existing literature discussing the potential impact of GLP-1 RA on the male reproductive system, emphasizing their potential therapeutic role in addressing idiopathic infertility in obese men. Despite numerous studies exploring the influence of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs on reproductive hormones, testicular function, and spermatogenesis, further clinical trials are crucial to validate initial evidence. Longer follow-up periods are essential to address uncertainties regarding the long-term repercussions and outcomes of GLP-1 RA use. While this holds true, the current literature suggests that GLP-1RAs show promise as a potential therapeutic approach for improving sperm parameters in obese men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T07:45:32Z","timestamp":1703663132000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Impact of GLP-1 Agonists on Male Reproductive Health\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Aponte","family":"Varnum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas Allen","family":"Deebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymara","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Sadeghi-Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1387-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjith","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.247","article-title":"WHO recognition of the global obesity epidemic","volume":"32","author":"James","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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