{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:46:29Z","timestamp":1760150789521,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Primary adrenal tumors (AT) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms due to their functional heterogeneity, which results in the diverse clinical presentation of these tumors. The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectional imaging characteristics using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) to provide insight into the lesion characterization and functional status of these tumors. The radionuclide imaging using Technetium-99m radiolabeled hydrazinonicotinylacid-d-phenylalanyl1-tyrosine3-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC), was also used in the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients with confirmed diagnoses of AT (21 hormone-secreting and 29 non-functional) at the University Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia, during the 2019\u20132022 year period. The morphological and dynamic characteristics using MDCT\u00a0were performed, using qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative analysis. Absolute washout (APW) and relative washout (RPW) values were also calculated. A semi-quantitative analysis of all visual findings with 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was performed to compare the tumor to non-tumor tracer uptake. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the MDCT values in the native phase (p &lt; 0.05), the venous phase (p &lt; 0.05), and the delayed phase (p &lt; 0.001) to detect the existence of adrenal tumors. Most of these functional adrenocortical lesions (n = 44) can be differentiated using the delayed phase (p &lt; 0.05), absolute percentage washout (APW) (p &lt; 0.05), and relative percentage washout (RPW) (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC could have a high diagnostic yield to detect adrenal tumor existence (p &lt; 0.001). There is a positive correlation between radionuclide imaging scan and APW to detect all AT (p &lt; 0.01) and adrenocortical adenomas as well (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions:\u00a0The results can be very helpful in a diagnostic algorithm to quickly and precisely diagnose the expansive processes of the adrenal glands, as well as to learn about the advantages and limitations of the mentioned imaging modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can MDCT Enhancement Patterns Be Helpful in Differentiating Secretory from Non-Functional Adrenal Adenoma?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kocic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Vukomanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4123-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Djukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jovica","family":"Saponjski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusan","family":"Saponjski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vuk","family":"Aleksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Ignjatovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Vuleta Nedic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8677-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladan","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radisa","family":"Vojinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad066","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors","volume":"189","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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