{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:12:12Z","timestamp":1793157132994,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a case report of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) uveitis confirmed via aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metagenomics. This 72-year-old male with a history of diabetes and herpes zoster complained of redness and blurred vision in his right eye for eight months. Mild conjunctival injection, anterior chamber cells, mutton-fat keratic precipitates, and vitreous haze were noted. Fluorescein angiography revealed dye leakage from retinal vessels without retinal ischemic changes. Only the serum anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG was positive while the aqueous humor PCR for VZV (Varicella-zoster virus), HSV (Herpes simplex viruses), CMV, and EBV was initially negative. Inflammation recurred and vitreous haze worsened after discontinuing nine-month topical ganciclovir and oral prednisolone. the aqueous humor PCR was repeated due to persistent low-grade inflammation. The EBV PCR turned out to be positive. Shotgun metagenomics revealed 1459 classified sequences (1.62%) and confirmed the EBV infection. Topical ganciclovir and methylprednisolone treatment was resumed. Conjunctival injection improved while pigmented keratic precipitates lessened. Elderly patients with diabetes or under immunosuppression may be susceptible to chronic uveitis associated with subsequent EBV infection. Repeated aqueous humor PCR and shotgun metagenomics are important tools in the diagnosis of this case of chronic indolent panuveitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T09:47:32Z","timestamp":1704361652000},"page":"97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Uveitis Confirmed via Aqueous Humor Polymerase Chain Reaction and Metagenomics\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning-Yi","family":"Hsia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Bair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Min","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medical Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane-Ming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30632-5","article-title":"Detection of Epstein-Barr virus genome in ocular tissues","volume":"103","author":"Chodosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.3.245","article-title":"Increased presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in ocular fluid samples from HIV-negative immunocompromised patients with uveitis","volume":"82","author":"Ongkosuwito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. 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