{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:36:18Z","timestamp":1793752578843,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periapical lesions have been implicated in sinus-related complications, but the precise influence of anatomical variations in the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) on mucosal thickening remains an uncharted aspect. The new AI tool employed in this research utilizes advanced image processing algorithms to enhance image visualization. Background and Objectives: This study examines the accuracy of a new cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software (eVol DXS, version 1.0.1.0) employing AI to detect the PSAA\u2019s location and the effect of that on maxillary sinus thickening in the presence of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 120 CBCT cases with posterior maxillary periapical lesions and 120 without odontogenic infections. Teeth with proximity (&lt;2 mm) to the sinus were excluded in both groups to eliminate the sinus floor\u2019s perforation effect. Both the PSAA locations and maxillary sinus thickening were classified and compared. Results: The mucosal thickening differs significantly (p &lt; 0.001) between the study group and the control group. The study showed that an increased sinus thickness occurred when the PSAA was beneath the sinus membrane in the study group (62.5% compared to 8.6%; p &lt; 0.001 *). The AI tool helped to achieve a 100% identification rate in determining the PSAA locations. Conclusions: AI algorithms for PSAA localization, which affects mucosal thickness in response to periapical lesions, yield excellent results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T03:54:34Z","timestamp":1705031674000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Utilizing a Novel AI Tool to Detect the Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery\u2019s Location\u2019s Impact on Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening in the Presence of Periapical Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Aboelmaaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Oral Radiology and Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmohsen","family":"Alfadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Awawdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard\u2014Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine & Dentistry, Ulster University, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8833-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sapri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-2229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lama","family":"Awawdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7691-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Radiology and Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"White, S.C., and Pharoah, M.J. 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