{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:26:54Z","timestamp":1790810814687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Gingival recession results in adverse aesthetics and root sensitivity, and there is a need to treat and prevent its further progression. To overcome these problems, various advances have been made by clinicians in treating gingival recession based on the type of gingival recession. Miller\u2019s classification has been used for a long time to classify the type of recession. However, certain limitations have been found with use of Miller\u2019s classification such as a lack of clarity in the method for measuring soft and hard tissue loss in the interproximal area. Cairo classification was proposed to overcome limitations of Miller\u2019s classification to classify gingival recession. Cairo\u2019s classification is a treatment-oriented classification based on buccal and interproximal attachment loss. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess and compare the reliability of Miller\u2019s and Cairo\u2019s classifications in determining gingival recession. Material and methods: A total of 220 buccal gingival recession defects were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four examiners were included in the study. Two examiners classified the recession defects according to Miller\u2019s classification and the other two examiners classified recession defects according to Cairo\u2019s classification at baseline and at a 1-week interval. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 25.0 using Cohen\u2019s kappa correlation coefficient and Chi-square test statistics to determine the intra- and inter-rater agreement among the examiners for the two gingival recession classification systems. A p value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The intra-rater agreement for Cairo\u2019s classification was 0.86 and 0.82, whereas for Miller\u2019s classification, it was found to be 0.68. The inter-rater reliability agreement for Cairo\u2019s classification was 0.82 and 0.8, whereas for the Miller\u2019s classification, it was 0.56 and 0.67. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it was found that Cairo\u2019s classification is clearer and more reliable than Miller\u2019s classification in the assessment of gingival recession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60020205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T03:59:42Z","timestamp":1706155182000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessing the Reliability of Miller\u2019s Classification and Cairo\u2019s Classification in Classifying Gingival Recession Defects: A Comparison Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hammam I.","family":"Fageeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8208-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hytham N.","family":"Fageeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Bhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Yahay","family":"Thubab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham Mohammed Hassan","family":"Sharrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0092-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya Sulaiman","family":"Aljabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal Ibrahim","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology (1996). 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