{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:15:30Z","timestamp":1790140530530,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are well-known complications of acute pancreatitis. The overinfection of these collections leads to a worsening of the prognosis with an increase in the morbidity and mortality rate. The primary strategy for managing infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) or symptomatic PFCs is a minimally invasive step-up approach, with endosonography-guided (EUS-guided) transmural drainage and debridement as the preferred and less invasive method. Different stents are available to drain PFCs: self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs), double pigtail stents (DPPSs), or lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs). In particular, LAMSs are useful when direct endoscopic necrosectomy is needed, as they allow easy access to the necrotic cavity; however, the rate of adverse events is not negligible, and to date, the superiority over DPPSs is still debated. Moreover, the timing for necrosectomy, the drainage technique, and the concurrent medical management are still debated. In this review, we focus attention on indications, timing, techniques, complications, and particularly on aspects that remain under debate concerning the EUS-guided drainage of PFCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60020333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T06:00:25Z","timestamp":1708063225000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: Not All Queries Are Already Solved"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Binda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Perini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda ULSS 5, 45100 Rovigo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Boschetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Coluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Gibiino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Petraroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20317","article-title":"Acute Pancreatitis: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Mederos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0158-2","article-title":"New Insights into Acute Pancreatitis","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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