{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T10:24:06Z","timestamp":1791627846696,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a fast-growing skin tumor subtype that can be observed as a solitary lesion or rarely as multiple lesions in the context of rare genetic syndromes. Syndromes with multiple keratoacanthoma-like lesions have been documented as multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (Ferguson\u2013Smith syndrome), eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski, multiple familial keratoacanthoma of Witten and Zak Muir\u2013Torre syndrome, and incontinentia pigmenti. The treatment approach of those entities is challenging due to the numerous lesions, the lesions\u2019 undefined nature, and the co-existence of other malignant skin tumors. Herein, we report a case of a 40-year-old woman who developed multiple treatment-resistant Ferguson\u2013Smith-like keratoacanthomas with a co-existing large and ulcerated invasive squamous cell carcinoma and microcystic adnexal carcinoma on the scalp. Multiple keratoacanthomas on her extremities were successfully treated with oral acitretin (0.5 mg\/kg\/day) in combination with topical Fluorouracil (5-FU) 5%, while excision and plastic surgery restoration were performed to treat the ulcerated cancer lesion on her scalp. Due to the interesting nature of this rare syndrome, we performed a literature review including case reports and case series on multiple-KA-like lesions syndromes and focusing on diagnosis and therapy approaches. We also conducted a comparison of patient reports, which included assessing the clinical appearance of the lesions and evaluating the success and progress or the failure of various treatment approaches that were implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T08:34:35Z","timestamp":1708590875000},"page":"371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiple Keratoacanthoma-like Syndromes: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4130-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Karampinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kostopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Trikala Hospital, 42131 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Toli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Oncoderm Center One Day Clinic, 45332 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Marinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopathology, Evangelismos Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, IASO Hospital, 41005 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki Victoria","family":"Roussaki Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6594-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efterpi","family":"Zafiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20389","article-title":"A Clinical and Biological Review of Keratoacanthoma*","volume":"185","author":"Tisack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. 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