{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:56:18Z","timestamp":1777935378782,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large-vessel vasculitis affecting elderly patients and targeting the aorta and its main branches, leading to cranial and extracranial manifestations. The mechanism behind the ischemia is a granulomatous-type inflammation with potentially critical lesions, including visual loss involving the ophthalmic artery. Despite significant progress in unraveling the pathophysiology of this disease, treatment options still rely on glucocorticoids (GCs) to overcome active vascular lesions and disease flares. However, uncertainty still revolves around the optimal dose and tapering rhythm. Few corticosteroid-sparing agents have proven useful in GCA, namely, methotrexate and tocilizumab, benefiting cumulative GC dose and relapse-free intervals. The future looks promising with regard to using other agents like abatacept and Janus-kinase inhibitors or blocking the granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1708944017000},"page":"400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Current Perspectives in Giant Cell Arteritis: Can We Better Connect Pathogenesis and Treatment?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Opri\u0219-Belinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sf\u00e2nta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Oana","family":"Cobilinschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sf\u00e2nta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"S\u0103ulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sf\u00e2nta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis","volume":"33","author":"Hunder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.07.005","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: A systematic literature review","volume":"50","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. 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