{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:30:09Z","timestamp":1784550609962,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: According to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), sepsis is defined as \u201clife-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection\u201d. The increased presence of free radicals causes an increase in oxidative stress. Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant activity and immunoregulatory effects that plays a potential role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding vitamin C to the conventional treatment of sepsis to decrease its mortality rate. Materials and Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we included patients with a diagnosis of sepsis and a SOFA score \u2265 9 who were evaluated in an Intensive Care Unit at a secondary-care hospital. According to the intensive care specialist, they were treated using two different strategies: Group 1\u2014patients with sepsis treated with conventional treatment without vitamin C; Group 2\u2014patients with sepsis with the addition of vitamin C to conventional treatment. Results: We included 34 patients with sepsis. The incidence of mortality was 38%, and 47% of patients used vitamin C as an adjuvant to the basic treatment of sepsis. In the basal analyses, patients treated with use of vitamin C compared to patients treated without vitamin C required less use of glucocorticoids (75% vs. 100%, p = 0.039). At follow-up, patients treated without vitamin C had higher mortality than patients treated with vitamin C as an adjuvant for the treatment of sepsis (55.6% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.03). We observed that the use of vitamin C was a protective factor for mortality in patients with sepsis (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31\u20130.96, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The use of vitamin C as an adjuvant to treatment decreases the risk of mortality by 46% in patients with sepsis and SOFA \u2265 9 compared to patients treated without vitamin C as an adjuvant to sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T03:55:34Z","timestamp":1710215734000},"page":"464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intravenous Vitamin C as an Add-on Therapy for the Treatment of Sepsis in an Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sergio Antonio","family":"Gonzalez-Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital General Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44716, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2052-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli Efrain","family":"Gomez-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gonzalez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Ivan","family":"Gamez-Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Angel","family":"Peraza-Zaldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8710-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Priscilla","family":"Santiago-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Ramirez-Villafa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Gonzalez-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Jorge","family":"Gomez-Camarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Miriam","family":"Salda\u00f1a-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma Alejandra","family":"Rodriguez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Ahuixotl","family":"Gutierrez-Aceves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Jimenez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Especialistas en Medicina Critica, Hospital Terranova, Guadalajara 44670, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia Elena","family":"Totsuka-Sutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7868-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto German","family":"Cardona-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Ponce-Guarneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis. 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