{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T20:46:35Z","timestamp":1772311595944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["307184\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307184\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["017\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017\/22"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["n.2024\/01454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.2024\/01454-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias","award":["307184\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307184\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias","award":["017\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017\/22"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias","award":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o do Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias","award":["n.2024\/01454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.2024\/01454-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas","award":["307184\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307184\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas","award":["017\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017\/22"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas","award":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas","award":["n.2024\/01454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.2024\/01454-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP, S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation)","award":["307184\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307184\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP, S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation)","award":["017\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017\/22"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP, S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation)","award":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.02.016301.01070\/2023-13"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP, S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation)","award":["n.2024\/01454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.2024\/01454-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurocysticercosis, a parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is a significant public health issue globally, including in Brazil. This article presents a case report of a 44-year-old male patient residing in the rural area of Roraima, the northernmost region of Brazil within the Amazon Forest. The patient, with chronic HIV infection, acquired the Taenia solium helminth, resulting in neurocysticercosis development. Remarkably, the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was not initially apparent but emerged through meticulous analysis following a motorcycle accident. The absence of seizures, a common clinical manifestation, complicated the diagnostic process, making it an uncommon case of NCC, which may be related to co-infection. As the patient\u2019s condition progressed, multiple complications arose, requiring additional medical attention and interventions. This case underscores the immense challenges faced by healthcare teams in managing neurocysticercosis effectively. It emphasizes the critical need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to provide optimal care for such complex cases. The study\u2019s findings underscore the importance of raising awareness and implementing improved strategies for tackling neurocysticercosis, particularly in regions where it remains a prevalent concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T06:58:39Z","timestamp":1710745119000},"page":"489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Silent Intruder: Unusual Presentation of Neurocysticercosis in an HIV-Infected Patient from the Far Northern Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Luis E. B.","family":"Galan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia R. M.","family":"Gerolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e1illa J. M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise T. M.","family":"Filardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dafnin L. S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domingos S. M.","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Doutoral de Bio\u00e9tica da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 4050-290 Cidade do Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto C. C.","family":"Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe A.","family":"Cerni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine (PPGMT), State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-7068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela B.","family":"Pucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine (PPGMT), State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rivas, R., Flisser, A., Norcia, L.F., Hamamoto Filho, P.T., Bonilla-Aldana, D.K., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J., Carpio, A., Romo, M.L., and Fleury, A. (2022). Neurocysticercosis in Latin America: Current Epidemiological Situation Based on Official Statistics from Four Countries. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010652"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822001000300010","article-title":"Neurocisticercose","volume":"34","author":"Takayanagui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2021). PAHO Guideline for Preventive Chemotherapy for the Control of Taenia Solium Taeniasis, Pan American Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana da Sa\u00fade (2022). Diretrizes da OMS para o Manejo da Neurocisticercose por Taenia Solium, OPAS."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.11.009","article-title":"Reprint of \u201cNeurocysticercosis-Related Mortality in Brazil, 2000\u20132011: Epidemiology of a Neglected Neurologic Cause of Death\u201d","volume":"165","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Silva, F.V.F.d. (2019). Neurocisticercose: Aspectos Epidemiol\u00f3gicos, Manifesta\u00e7\u014des Cl\u00ednicas e Resposta Terap\u00eautica dos Pacientes Atendidos em um Hospital de Refer\u00eancia do Cear\u00e1. [Master\u2019s Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2003000500022","article-title":"Aspectos cl\u00ednico-epidemiol\u00f3gicos da neurocisticercose no Brasil: An\u00e1lise cr\u00edtica","volume":"61","author":"Agapejev","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"159821","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: A Review","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5935\/1676-2444.20190025","article-title":"Concomitance of Aids and Cysticercosis in Autopsies","volume":"55","author":"Cavellani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190054","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and HIV Infection: What Can We Learn from the Published Literature?","volume":"77","author":"Romo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prodjinotho, U.F., Lema, J., Lacorcia, M., Schmidt, V., Vejzagic, N., Sikasunge, C., Ngowi, B., Winkler, A.S., and Prazeres da Costa, C. (2020). Host Immune Responses during Taenia Solium Neurocysticercosis Infection and Treatment. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008005"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000243","article-title":"Immune Activation in the Central Nervous System throughout the Course of HIV Infection","volume":"11","author":"Spudich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.34119\/bjhrv3n3-054","article-title":"A\u00e7\u00e3o dos linf\u00f3citos t citot\u00f3xicos funcionais sobre c\u00e9lulas infectadas pelo v\u00edrus da imunodefici\u00eancia humana\/Action of cytotoxic t lymphocytes of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"3","author":"Alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Health Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H., Pillai, S., Baker, D.L., and Baker, A. (2018). Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Veronesi, R., and Foccacia, R. (2021). Tratado de Infectologia, Editora Atheneu."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000400002","article-title":"A Serological Study of Cysticercosis in Patients with HIV","volume":"51","author":"Parija","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sierra, M.M., Arroyo, M., Torres, M.C., Cruz, N.R., Hern\u00e1ndez, F.G., Taboada, D., Mart\u00ednez, \u00c1.G., Govezensky, T., Sciutto, E., and Toledo, A. (2017). Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis: Demographic, Clinicoradiological, and Inflammatory Features. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005646"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70094-8","article-title":"Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-016-0547-4","article-title":"Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Neurocysticercosis","volume":"18","author":"Webb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bazan, R., Hamamoto Filho, P.T., Luvizutto, G.J., Nunes, H.R.D.C., Odashima, N.S., Dos Santos, A.C., Elias J\u00fanior, J., Zanini, M.A., Fleury, A., and Takayanagui, O.M. (2016). Clinical Symptoms, Imaging Features and Cyst Distribution in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartments in Patients with Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005115"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202163043","article-title":"Subarachnoid Racemose Neurocysticercosis with Cerebellar Involvement: An Old Friend in an Infrequent Location?","volume":"63","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442012000500007","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico laboratorial da neurocisticercose: Revis\u00e3o e perspectivas","volume":"48","author":"Togoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"07","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2010000100003","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: Relationship between Taenia Antigen Levels in CSF and MRI","volume":"68","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01509010015","article-title":"Quantification of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neurocysticercosis","volume":"9","author":"Camargo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Neurol. J."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2023, December 10). Cysticercosis: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis\u2014UpToDate. Available online: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/cysticercosis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130156","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis","volume":"71","author":"Takayanagui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2006.00074.x","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Report","volume":"13","author":"Chianura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Travel. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000669","article-title":"Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis: Emerging Concepts and Treatment","volume":"33","author":"Nash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823e6565","article-title":"Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis in the United States","volume":"344","author":"Kelesidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.92633","article-title":"Parasitic Infections in HIV Infected Individuals: Diagnostic & Therapeutic Challenges","volume":"134","author":"Nissapatorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957414555232","article-title":"HIV-Associated Neurocysticercosis","volume":"14","author":"Anand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Assoc. Provid. AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00259-6","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and HIV Infection: Report of Two Cases and Review","volume":"45","author":"Tavera","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch080","article-title":"Management of HIV-Associated Focal Brain Lesions in Developing Countries","volume":"97","author":"Modi","year":"2004","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13652","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and HIV\/AIDS Co-infection: A Scoping Review","volume":"26","author":"Jewell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20180032","article-title":"Histopathologic Aspects of Experimental Cysticercosis and in Situ Cytokines Profile in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"76","author":"Milhomem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1086\/499359","article-title":"Management of Potential Neurocysticercosis in Patients with HIV Infection","volume":"42","author":"Prasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"73","article-title":"Contagem de Linf\u00f3citos TCD4+ e Carga Viral Em Pacientes HIV+ de Um Laborat\u00f3rio de Refer\u00eancia","volume":"6","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Mil. Ci\u00eancias"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020588","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-4974202100013.esp1","article-title":"Protocolo Brasileiro Para Infec\u00e7\u00f5es Sexualmente Transmiss\u00edveis 2020: Infec\u00e7\u00e3o Pelo HIV Em Adolescentes e Adultos","volume":"30","author":"Perini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Servi\u00e7os Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2023.e01778","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis Presenting as a Locked-in Lateral Ventricle: A Case Report and Evidence-Based Review","volume":"32","author":"Mansour","year":"2023","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2015.11.3.203","article-title":"Extraparenchymal (Racemose) Neurocysticercosis and Its Multitude Manifestations: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"11","author":"Mahale","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4181\/RNC.2015.23.03.1043.08p","article-title":"Neurotoxoplasmose e Neurocisticercose Em Paciente Com AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Neurocienc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-88751","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"98","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/3\/489\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:14:32Z","timestamp":1760105672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/3\/489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60030489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]}}}