{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:57:06Z","timestamp":1760144226108,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Atrioventricular (AV) dyssynchrony as well as atrial and ventricular pacing affect left atrial (LA) function. We conducted a study evaluating the effect of atrial and ventricular pacing on LA morphological and functional changes after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. Materials and Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 121 subjects who had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted due to sinus node disease (SND) or atrioventricular block (AVB). Subjects were divided into three groups based on indication and pacemaker programming: (1) SND DDDR 60; (2) AVB DDD 60 and (3) AVB DDD 40. Subjects were invited to one- and three-month follow-up visits. Three subsets based on pacing burden were analyzed: (1) high atrial (A) low ventricular (V); (2) high A, high V and (3) low A, high V. LA function was assessed from volumetric parameters and measured strains from echocardiography. Results: The high A, low V group consisted of 38 subjects; while high A, high V had 26 and low A, high V had 23. A significant decrease in reservoir and contractile LA strain parameters were only observed in the high A, low V pacing group after three months (reservoir 25.9 \u00b1 10.3% vs. 21.1 \u00b1 9.9%, p = 0.003, contractile \u221214.0 \u00b1 9.0% vs. \u221211.1 \u00b1 7.8, p = 0.018). While the re-established atrioventricular synchrony in the low A, high V group maintained reservoir LA strain at the baseline level after three months (21.4 \u00b1 10.4% vs. 22.5 \u00b1 10.4%, p = 0.975); in the high A, high V group, a further trend to decrease was noted (20.3 \u00b1 8.9% vs. 18.7 \u00b1 8.3%, p = 0.231). Conclusions: High atrial pacing burden independently of atrioventricular dyssynchrony and ventricular pacing impairs LA functional and morphological parameters. Changes appear soon after pacemaker implantation and are maintained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T09:39:31Z","timestamp":1710841171000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atrial Pacing Negatively Affects Left Atrial Morphological and Functional Parameters Similarly to Atrioventricular Dyssynchrony"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mindaugas","family":"Viezelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gintare","family":"Neverauskaite-Piliponiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agne","family":"Marcinkeviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Kazakevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Zabiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Str. 15, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilius","family":"Kviesulaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renaldas","family":"Jurkevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aras","family":"Puodziukynas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 7, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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O2"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/3\/503\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:16:01Z","timestamp":1760105761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/3\/503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60030503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60030503","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]}}}