{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:13:47Z","timestamp":1792030427697,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Croatian Ministry of Science and Education","award":["IP7-FDMZ-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP7-FDMZ-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is marked by the destruction of alveolar bone. Sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) act as inhibitors of the Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway, a key regulator of bone metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that statins play a role in bone resorption and formation by influencing Wnt signaling. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of SOST and DKK-1 in periodontal patients with and without peroral statins treatment in their therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients with diagnosed periodontitis were divided into two groups: 39 patients on statin therapy (SP group) and 40 patients without statin therapy as a control group (P group). The periodontal clinical examination probing (pocket) depth (PD) and gingival recession (GR) were measured, and approximal plaque was detected, while vertical and horizontal bone resorption was measured using a panoramic radiograph image. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) values were calculated using PD and GR values. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected and used for measuring SOST and DKK-1 levels. A questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle habits and statin intake. Patients\u2019 medical records were used to obtain biochemical parameters. Results: There was no significant difference in sclerostin concentration between the SP and P group. DKK-1 values were significantly higher in the SP group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Also, PD (p = 0.001) and GR (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the SP group. The level of DKK-1 had a positive relationship with the PD, the greater the PD, the higher the level of DKK-1 (Rho = 0.350), while there was no significant association with other parameters. Conclusions: Peroral statins in periodontal patients are associated with GCF levels of DKK-1 but not with sclerostin levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1710914167000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in Dickkopf-1, but Not Sclerostin, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Are Associated with Peroral Statin Treatment in Patients with Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Duspara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Public Health Scientific Institution Medical Center \u201cDr. Mustafa Sehovic\u201d, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8594-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucija","family":"Kuna Roguljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Matic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Kralik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Roguljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Kizivat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Duspara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scientific Institution Medical Center \u201cDr. Mustafa Sehovic\u201d, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Igrec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4473-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Bojanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Smolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0512-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Vcev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0483-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wyszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Y.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6867-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Smolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. 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