{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:11:45Z","timestamp":1792156305732,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare","award":["HC17C0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HC17C0050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-reflux surgery (ARS) is an efficient treatment option for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Despite growing evidence of the efficacy and safety of ARS, medications including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the most commonly administered treatments for GERD. Meanwhile, ARS can be an effective treatment option for patients who need medications continuously or for those who are refractory to PPI treatment, if proper candidates are selected. However, in practice, ARS is often regarded as a last resort for patients who are unresponsive to PPIs. Accumulating ARS-related studies indicate that surgery is equivalent to or better than medical treatment for controlling typical and atypical GERD symptoms. Furthermore, because of overall reduced medication expenses, ARS may be more cost-effective than PPI. Patients are selected for ARS based on endoscopic findings, esophageal acid exposure time, and PPI responsiveness. Although there is limited evidence, ARS may be expanded to include patients with normal acid exposure, such as those with reflux hypersensitivity. Additionally, other factors such as age, body mass index, and comorbidities are known to affect ARS outcomes; and such factors should be considered. Nissen fundoplication or partial fundoplication including Dor fundoplication and Toupet fundoplication can be chosen, depending on whether the patient prioritizes symptom improvement or minimizing postoperative symptoms such as dysphagia. Furthermore, efforts to reduce and manage postoperative complications and create awareness of the long-term efficacy and safety of the ARS are recommended, as well as adequate training programs for new surgeons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T11:37:22Z","timestamp":1711021042000},"page":"518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Current Status of Anti-Reflux Surgery as a Treatment for GERD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jooyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4275-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inhyeok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeongkeun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Department of General Surgery, Princes Hamzh Hospital, Amman 11947, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad","family":"Eledreesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Taif Armed Forces Hospital, Taif 26792, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkadam","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Aljarbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh 34423, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungsoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62795-1","article-title":"Global prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nirwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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