{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:13:29Z","timestamp":1789661609624,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the gut microbiota. The main phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, now renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), an alteration in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance promotes its pathogenesis and evolution into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. For this reason, early treatment is necessary to counteract its progression. The aim of the present narrative review is to evaluate the different therapeutic approaches to MAFLD. The most important treatment for MAFLD is lifestyle changes. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet could be considered the gold standard in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. In contrast, a Western diet should be discouraged. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation seem to be valid, safe, and effective alternatives for MAFLD treatment. However, more studies with a longer follow-up and with a larger cohort of patients are needed to underline the more effective approaches to contrasting MAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:44:52Z","timestamp":1711892692000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Many Faces of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Treatment: From the Mediterranean Diet to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Abenavoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7084-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Guido Maria","family":"Scarlata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5704-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Lenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5120-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Luzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.025","article-title":"Changing from NAFLD through MAFLD to MASLD: Similar prevalence and risk factors in a large Brazilian cohort","volume":"80","author":"Perazzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.036","article-title":"Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD","volume":"79","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i27.2974","article-title":"Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: From \u201ctwo hit theory\u201d to \u201cmultiple hit model\u201d","volume":"24","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Cuevas, J., Santos, A., and Armendariz-Borunda, J. (2021). Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity: A Link between MAFLD and NASH with Cardiovascular Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111629"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Spagnuolo, R., Scarlata, G.G.M., Scarpellini, E., Boccuto, L., and Luzza, F. (2023). Ultrasound Prevalence and Clinical Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real-Life Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111935"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13333","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and health: A comprehensive overview","volume":"290","author":"Willett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbouti, A., and Goulas, V. (2021). Dietary Antioxidants in the Mediterranean Diet. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081213"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7197","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45090455","article-title":"The Intestinal Microbiome and the Metabolic Syndrome\u2014How Its Manipulation May Affect Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)","volume":"45","author":"Malnick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinninella, E., Raoul, P., Cintoni, M., Franceschi, F., Miggiano, G.A.D., Gasbarrini, A., and Mele, M.C. (2019). What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/obesities3040024","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Obesity: The Chicken or the Egg?","volume":"3","author":"Tassoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesities"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"26191","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease","volume":"26","author":"Carding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: Disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Vigliotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.2020-046","article-title":"Correlation of gut Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio with fibrosis and steatosis stratified by body mass index in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Jasirwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Microbiota Food Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.18-032","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathways of mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Jasirwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Microbiota Food Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Scarlata, G.G.M., Scarpellini, E., Boccuto, L., Spagnuolo, R., Tilocca, B., Roncada, P., and Luzza, F. (2023). Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: From Fatty Liver to Dysmetabolic Syndrome. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030594"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"65","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as a more accurate name for NAFLD\u2014Common aspects of pathogenesis","volume":"161","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cas. Lek. Cesk"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patti, A.M., Carruba, G., Cicero, A.F.G., Banach, M., Nikolic, D., Giglio, R.V., Terranova, A., Soresi, M., Giannitrapani, L., and Montalto, G. (2020). Daily Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with High Oleocanthal Concentration Reduced Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Alanine Transaminase, Inflammatory Cytokines and Hepatic Steatosis in Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome: A 2-Month Intervention Study. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10100392"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulawik, A., Cielecka-Piontek, J., and Zalewski, P. (2023). The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202308.0690.v1"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Greco, M., Milic, N., Accattato, F., Foti, D., Gulletta, E., and Luzza, F. (2017). Effect of Mediterranean Diet and Antioxidant Formulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Study. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080870"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i17.3150","article-title":"Effect of a counseling-supported treatment with the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on the severity of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Gelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.10.001","article-title":"Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice","volume":"5","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V.J., Beltr\u00e1n-Velasco, A.I., Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez, L., Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, A., and Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. (2023). Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122749"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W., Ge, X., Lu, J., Xu, X., Gao, J., Wang, Q., Song, C., Zhang, Q., and Yu, C. (2022). Diet and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cirrhosis, and Liver Cancer: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245335"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2018.12.07","article-title":"Building Mass to Prevent non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?","volume":"8","author":"Pelusi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20420188231160394","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188231160394","article-title":"Non-pharmacological management options for MAFLD: A practical guide","volume":"14","author":"Stefano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.2.3.16174","article-title":"Health claims substantiation for probiotic and prebiotic products","volume":"2","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1906.06064","article-title":"Role of Probiotics in Human Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155306","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155306","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of human clinical trials","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.271.kby","article-title":"A multi-strain probiotic reduces the fatty liver index, cytokines and aminotransferase levels in NAFLD patients: Evidence from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Kobyliak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42059-3","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a multispecies probiotic mixture in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1090","article-title":"Effect of a probiotic on liver aminotransferases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Aller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamad Nor, M.H., Ayob, N., Mokhtar, N.M., Raja Ali, R.A., Tan, G.C., Wong, Z., Shafiee, N.H., Wong, Y.P., Mustangin, M., and Nawawi, K.N.M. (2021). The Effect of Probiotics (MCP\u00ae BCMC\u00ae Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093192"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50048","article-title":"Probiotics and antibodies to TNF inhibit inflammatory activity and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12561","article-title":"Treatment efficacy of a probiotic preparation for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A pilot trial","volume":"18","author":"Manzhalii","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.09.012","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","volume":"46","author":"Vindigni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.08.011","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: Review and update","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31266-8","article-title":"The evolution of the use of faecal microbiota transplantation and emerging therapeutic indications","volume":"394","author":"Allegretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Barrio, M., Lav\u00edn, L., Santos-Laso, \u00c1., Arias-Loste, M.T., Odriozola, A., Rodriguez-Duque, J.C., Rivas, C., Iruzubieta, P., and Crespo, J. (2023). Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paving the Way to Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076123"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2022.2095901","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: A review on current formulations in Clostridioides difficile infection and future outlooks","volume":"22","author":"Rakotonirina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290757","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Weingarden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.05.008","article-title":"Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"226","author":"Basson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.03.038","article-title":"Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation can retain the metabolic achievements of dietary interventions","volume":"92","author":"Rinott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, L., Deng, Z., Luo, W., He, X., and Chen, Y. (2022). Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.759306"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661","article-title":"Allogenic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Improves Abnormal Small Intestinal Permeability: A Randomized Control Trial","volume":"115","author":"Craven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1601","article-title":"Donor fecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota and metabolites in obese individuals with steatohepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Witjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Maurizi, V., Rinninella, E., Tack, J., Di Berardino, A., Santori, P., Rasetti, C., Procopio, A.C., Boccuto, L., and Scarpellini, E. (2022). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in NAFLD Treatment. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111559"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291501","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1291501","article-title":"Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A selective review of pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"11","author":"Habibullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malakou, E., Linardakis, M., Armstrong, M.E.G., Zannidi, D., Foster, C., Johnson, L., and Papadaki, A. (2018). The Combined Effect of Promoting the Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111577"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Scarlata, G.G., Scarpellini, E., Procopio, A.C., Ponziani, F.R., Boccuto, L., Cetkovic, N., and Luzza, F. (2024). Therapeutic success in primary biliary cholangitis and gut microbiota: A safe highway?. Minerva Gastroenterol.","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5985.23.03590-8"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i44.6213","article-title":"Role of intestinal flora in primary sclerosing cholangitis and its potential therapeutic value","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milosevic, I., Vujovic, A., Barac, A., Djelic, M., Korac, M., Radovanovic Spurnic, A., Gmizic, I., Stevanovic, O., Djordjevic, V., and Lekic, N. (2019). Gut-Liver Axis, Gut Microbiota, and Its Modulation in the Management of Liver Diseases: A Review of the Literature. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020395"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001610","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Medical Therapy for Clostridium difficile Infection: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"56","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8266793","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8266793","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2022","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Birlutiu, V., Ichim, C., Brusnic, O., and Oni\u0219or, D.M. (2023). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Cirrhosis. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112930"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Birlutiu, V., Ichim, C., Anderco, P., and Birsan, S. (2023). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041016"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boicean, A., Birsan, S., Ichim, C., Boeras, I., Roman-Filip, I., Blanca, G., Bacila, C., Fleaca, R.S., Dura, H., and Roman-Filip, C. (2023). Has-miR-129-5p\u2019s Involvement in Different Disorders, from Digestive Cancer to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11072058"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/4\/563\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1760106072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/4\/563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60040563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60040563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]}}}