{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:08:14Z","timestamp":1790651294490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence induced by magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and zinc gluconate (ZnG) supplementation on liver and kidney injuries experimentally induced with acetaminophen (AAPh) and potentiated by a ciprofloxacin addition in rats. Material and Methods: The experiment was performed on five animal groups: group 1\u2014control, treated for 6 weeks with normal saline, 1 mL\/kg; group 2\u2014AAPh, treated for 6 weeks with AAPh, 100 mg\/kg\/day; group 3\u2014AAPh + C, treated for 6 weeks with AAPh 100 mg\/kg\/day and ciprofloxacin 50 mg\/kg\/day, only in the last 14 days of the experiment; group 4\u2014AAPh + C + Mg, with the same treatment as group 3, but in the last 14 days, MgCl2 10 mg\/ kg\/day was added; and group 5\u2014AAPh + C + Zn, with the same treatment as group 3, but in the last 14 days, zinc gluconate (ZnG), 10 mg\/kg\/day was added. All administrations were performed by oral gavage. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemistry examinations. Results: Treatment with AAPh for 6 weeks determined an alteration of the liver function (increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase) and of renal function (increases in serum urea and creatinine) (p &lt; 0.001 group 2 vs. group 1 for all mentioned parameters). Furthermore, the antioxidant defense capacity was impaired in group 2 vs. group 1 (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in group 2 vs. group 1, at 0.001 &lt; p &lt; 0.01 and 0.01 &lt; p &lt; 0.05, respectively). The addition of ciprofloxacin, 50 mg\/kg\/day during the last 14 days, resulted in further increases in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine (0.01 &lt; p &lt; 0.05, group 3 vs. group 2). MgCl2 provided a slight protection against the increase in liver enzymes, and a more pronounced protection against the increase in serum urea and creatinine (0.001 &lt; p &lt; 0.01 group 4 vs. group 3). MgCl2 provided a slight protection against the decrease in superoxide dismutase (0.01 &lt; p &lt; 0.05 group 4 vs. group 3), but not against decrease of glutathione peroxidase. The improvement of mentioned parameters could also be seen in the case of ZnG, to a higher extent, especially in the case of alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase (0.01 &lt; p &lt; 0.05 group 5 vs. group 4). Conclusions: This study presents further proof for the beneficial effect of magnesium and zinc salts against toxicity induced by different agents, including antibacterials added to the analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen; the protection is proven on the liver and kidney\u2019s function, and the antioxidant profile improvement has a key role, especially in the case of zinc gluconate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1712577682000},"page":"611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential Protective Effect of Zinc and Magnesium for the Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by Acetaminophen and Potentiated with Ciprofloxacin in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ciocan (Moraru)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 400012 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ciubotariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Maria\u201d Clinical Hospital for Children, 700309 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Mihaela","family":"Ghiciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Maria\u201d Clinical Hospital for Children, 700309 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihnea Eudoxiu","family":"Hurmuzache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Parascheva\u201d Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 700116 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lina Elena","family":"Lupu\u0219oru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3732-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Cri\u0219an-Dabija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u015fi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 400012 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5546942","article-title":"Rifampicin-Associated Secondary Minimal Change Disease Presenting with Nephrotic Syndrome in a Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient","volume":"2021","author":"Sathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. 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