{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:56:44Z","timestamp":1792180604995,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, therapeutic endoscopy has become a fundamental tool in the management of gallbladder diseases in light of its minimal invasiveness, high clinical efficacy, and good safety profile. Both endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (TGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) provide effective internal drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis unfit for cholecystectomy, avoiding the drawbacks of external percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD). The availability of dedicated lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for EUS-guided transluminal interventions contributed to the expansion of endoscopic therapies for acute cholecystitis, making endoscopic gallbladder drainage easier, faster, and hence more widely available. Moreover, EUS-GBD with LAMS opened the possibility of several cholecystoscopy-guided interventions, such as gallstone lithotripsy and clearance. Finally, EUS-GBD has also been proposed as a rescue drainage modality in malignant biliary obstruction after failure of standard techniques, with encouraging results. In this review, we will describe the TBGD and EUS-GBD techniques, and we will discuss the available data on clinical efficacy in different settings in comparison with PGBD. Finally, we will comment on the future perspectives of EUS-GBD, discussing the areas of uncertainty in which new data are more strongly awaited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60040633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T11:53:53Z","timestamp":1713182033000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage: A Comprehensive Review on Indications, Techniques, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Amendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Moscardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"De Cristofaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"De Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omero Alessandro","family":"Paoluzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Perez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Del Vecchio Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.017","article-title":"Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2021","volume":"162","author":"Peery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.2350","article-title":"Acute Cholecystitis: A Review","volume":"327","author":"Gallaher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisano, M., Allievi, N., Gurusamy, K., Borzellino, G., Cimbanassi, S., Boerna, D., Coccolini, F., Tufo, A., Di Martino, M., and Leung, J. 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