{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:41:12Z","timestamp":1791877272507,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our study aimed to clarify the anatomical features of the zygomatic, upper masseteric, lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments and their possible contribution to age-related gravitational ptosis. The study was carried out by the method of layered dissection of fresh cadavers. In several observations, the zygomatic ligament is represented by the fibers originating from the zygomaticus major muscle fibers. It is a true ligament with the fibers inserted directly into the skin. The upper and lower masseteric ligaments originate from the parotideomasseteric fascia and weave into the thickness of the SMAS. The mandibular ligament consists of two connective tissue laminae originating from the parotideomasseteric fascia at the lower edge of the mandible and from the inner surface of this fascia, along the anterior edge of the masseter muscle, skirting the facial vein sheath and the facial artery, traveling toward the platysma and the depressor anguli oris muscle, and merging with their fibers. The zygomatic ligament should be considered an osteo-musculocutaneous ligament, emphasizing the role of the associated zygomaticus major muscle in the mechanism of aging. The upper and lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments are false fascio-SMAS ligaments rather than osteo-cutaneous ones, playing the barrier role and fixing the superficial fascia and the platysma muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T05:28:06Z","timestamp":1713850086000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical Anatomy of the Ligaments of the Face and Their Fundamental Distinguishing Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Mirontsev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olesya","family":"Andruschenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriy","family":"Vasil\u2019ev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Verbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyana","family":"Kolesova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novonexus, 107076 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Blinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Zhandarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Nelipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Panushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6196-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellina","family":"Velichko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulianna","family":"Enina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9292-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zurab","family":"Bagatelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Dydykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001752","article-title":"Newer Understanding of 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