{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:47Z","timestamp":1760144447822,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The risks of uveitis development among pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the risk of uveitis following a diagnosis of DS. Materials and Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX database to identify individuals aged 18 years and younger with and without a diagnosis of DS between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023. The non-DS cohort consisted of randomly selected control patients matched by selected variables. This included gender, age, ethnicity, and certain comorbidities. The main outcome is the incidence of new-onset uveitis. Statistical analysis of the uveitis risk was reported using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Separate analyses of the uveitis risk among DS patients based on age groups and gender were also performed. Results: A total of 53,993 individuals with DS (46.83% female, 58.26% white, mean age at index 5.21 \u00b1 5.76 years) and 53,993 non-DS individuals (45.56% female, 58.28% white, mean age at index 5.21 \u00b1 5.76 years) were recruited from the TriNetX database. Our analysis also showed no overall increased risk of uveitis among DS patients (HR: 1.33 [CI: 0.89\u20131.99]) compared to the non-DS cohort across the 23-year study period. Subgroup analyses based on different age groups showed that those aged 0\u20131 year (HR: 1.36 [CI: 0.68\u20132.72]), 0\u20135 years (HR: 1.34 [CI: 0.75\u20132.39]), and 6\u201318 years (HR: 1.15 [CI: 0.67\u20131.96]) were found to have no association with uveitis risk compared to their respective non-DS comparators. There was also no increased risk of uveitis among females (HR: 1.49 [CI: 0.87\u20132.56]) or males (HR: 0.82 [CI: 0.48\u20131.41]) with DS compared to their respective non-DS comparators. Conclusions: Our study found no overall increased risk of uveitis following a diagnosis of DS compared to a matched control population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing Uveitis Risk following Pediatric Down Syndrome Diagnosis: A TriNetX Database Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Y.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4937-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning-Yi","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3210-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hou-Ting","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"An-Shin Dialysis Center, NephroCare Ltd., Fresenius Medical Care, Taichung 43655, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990604)84:4<340::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Recent trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome in Japan, 1980\u20131997","volume":"84","author":"Hoshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. 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