{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:26:02Z","timestamp":1793647562080,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Transurethral urologic surgeries frequently lead to hypothermia due to bladder irrigation. Prewarming in the preoperative holding area can reduce the risk of hypothermia but disrupts surgical workflow, preventing it from being of practical use. This study explored whether early intraoperative warming during induction of anesthesia, known as peri-induction warming, using a forced-air warming device combined with warmed intravenous fluid could prevent intraoperative hypothermia. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) or prostate (TURP) were enrolled and were randomly allocated to either the peri-induction warming or control group. The peri-induction warming group underwent whole-body warming during anesthesia induction using a forced-air warming device and was administered warmed intravenous fluid during surgery. In contrast, the control group was covered with a cotton blanket during anesthesia induction and received room-temperature intravenous fluid during surgery. Core temperature was measured upon entrance to the operating room (T0), immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), and in 10 min intervals until the end of the operation (Tend). The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, change in core temperature (T0\u2013Tend), core temperature drop rate (T0\u2013Tend\/[duration of anesthesia]), postoperative shivering, and postoperative thermal comfort were assessed. Results: The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the peri-induction warming group exhibited significantly less change in core temperature (0.61 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b0C vs. 0.93 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b0C, p = 0.002) and a slower core temperature drop rate (0.009 \u00b1 0.005 \u00b0C\/min vs. 0.013 \u00b1 0.004 \u00b0C\/min, p = 0.013) than the control group. The peri-induction warming group also reported higher thermal comfort scores (p = 0.041) and less need for postoperative warming (p = 0.034) compared to the control group. Conclusions: Brief peri-induction warming combined with warmed intravenous fluid was insufficient to prevent intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing urologic surgery. However, it improved patient thermal comfort and mitigated the absolute amount and rate of temperature drop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1714639377000},"page":"747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Brief Warming during Induction of General Anesthesia and Warmed Intravenous Fluid on Intraoperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ye-Ji","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Jung","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103059","article-title":"Prevention and management of perioperative hypothermia in adult elective surgical patients: A systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Simegn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4274\/gulhane.galenos.2020.956","article-title":"The effect of preoperative warming on perioperative hypothermia in transurethral prostatectomies","volume":"62","author":"Akelma","year":"2020","journal-title":"GUlhane Tip Derg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ucak, A., Tat Catal, A., Karadag, E., and Cebeci, F. The Effect of Prewarming on Perioperative Hypothermia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J. Perianesth. Nurs., 2024. in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2023.11.003"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23930-2","article-title":"Forced-air prewarming prevents hypothermia during living donor liver transplantation: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.70.74","article-title":"Effect of 10-min prewarming plus intraoperative co-warming on core temperature maintenance during breast surgery compared to intraoperative co-warming alone: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Kawanishi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Investig."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.20027","article-title":"Effects of 10-min of pre-warming on inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in intraoperative warming patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.88943","article-title":"Effect of 10 Minutes of Prewarming and Prewarmed Intravenous Fluid Administration on the Core Temperature of Patients Undergoing Transurethral Surgery under General Anesthesia","volume":"21","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6148.1000461","article-title":"Post-operative hypothermia in surgical patients at University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Belayneh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anesth. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"190","article-title":"Perioperative Temperature Monitoring: Reply","volume":"135","author":"Sessler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y.J., Lee, S.Y., Kim, T.K., Hong, D.M., and Jeon, Y. (2016). Effect of prewarming during induction of anesthesia on microvascular reactivity in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159772"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.12.020","article-title":"The effect of skin surface warming during anesthesia preparation on preventing redistribution hypothermia in the early operative period of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25235","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025235","article-title":"Efficacy of active forced air warming during induction of anesthesia to prevent inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in intraoperative warming patients: Comparison with passive warming, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"100","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Roth, J.V. (2020). Autonomic Nervous System Monitoring-Heart Rate Variability, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00350-2","article-title":"Effect of prewarming on body temperature in short-term bladder or prostatic transurethral resection under general anesthesia: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Becerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01468.x","article-title":"The effects of active peripheral skin warming on perioperative hypothermia in dogs","volume":"26","author":"Cabell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"921","article-title":"Less Core Hypothermia when Anesthesia Is Induced with Inhaled Sevoflurane Than with Intravenous Propofol","volume":"88","author":"Ikeda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Crosland, P. (2016). Hypothermia: Prevention and Management in Adults Having Surgery, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, G., Alderson, P., Smith, A.F., and Warttig, S. (2015). Warming of intravenous and irrigation fluids for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009891.pub2"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14103","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14103","article-title":"The incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing general anesthesia and an examination of risk factors","volume":"75","author":"Sari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6896(03)00049-1","article-title":"Perioperative hypothermia in the high-risk surgical patient","volume":"17","author":"Leslie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31817f6d76","article-title":"Temperature monitoring and perioperative thermoregulation","volume":"109","author":"Sessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hymczak, H., Golab, A., Mendrala, K., Plicner, D., Darocha, T., Podsiadlo, P., Hudziak, D., Gocol, R., and Kosinski, S. (2021). Core Temperature Measurement-Principles of Correct Measurement, Problems, and Complications. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010606"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/5\/747\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:37:10Z","timestamp":1760107030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/5\/747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60050747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60050747","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}}}