{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:10:29Z","timestamp":1779289829317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has the sixth-highest malignancy-related mortality in the United States (US). However, inequalities exist in access to advanced care in specific patient populations. We aim to study the racial disparities in major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in NHL patients. Materials and Methods: Using ICD-10 codes, patients with NHL were identified from the US National Inpatient Sample 2016\u20132019 database. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and MACCE outcomes were studied, and results were stratified based on the patient\u2019s race. Results: Of the 777,740 patients with a diagnosis of NHL, 74.22% (577,215) were White, 9.15% (71,180) were Black, 9.39% (73,000) were Hispanic, 3.33% (25,935) were Asian\/Pacific Islander, 0.36% (2855) were Native American, and 3.54% (27,555) belonged to other races. When compared to White patients, all-cause mortality (ACM) was significantly higher in Black patients (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17\u20131.38, p &lt; 0.001) and in Asian\/Pacific Islander patients (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.45, p &lt; 0.001). Sudden cardiac death was found to have a higher aOR in all racial sub-groups as compared to White patients; however, it was statistically significant in Black patients only (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.52\u20132.16, p &lt; 0.001). Atrial fibrillation (AF) risk was significantly lower in patients who were Black, Hispanic, and of other races compared to White patients. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was noted to have a statistically significantly lower aOR in Black patients (0.70, 95% CI 0.60\u20130.81, p &lt; 0.001), Hispanic patients (0.69, 95% CI 0.59\u20130.80, p &lt; 0.001), and patients of other races (0.57, 95% CI 0.43\u20130.75, p &lt; 0.001) as compared to White patients. Conclusions: Racial disparities are found in MACCEs among NHL patients, which is likely multifactorial, highlighting the need for healthcare strategies stratified by race to mitigate the increased risk of MACCEs. Further research involving possible epigenomic influences and social determinants of health contributing to poorer outcomes in Black and Asian\/Pacific Islander patients with NHL is imperative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1715682396000},"page":"800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Adverse Events in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Nationwide Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kanishka","family":"Uttam Chandani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College\/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI 02895, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3649-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth Pravin","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maharshi","family":"Raval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College\/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI 02895, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Siddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College\/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI 02895, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology-Oncology, New York Medical College\/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI 02895, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish V.","family":"Chintakuntlawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrukh K.","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Computer Vision, MBZ University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000451","article-title":"Lymphoma Classification","volume":"26","author":"Jaffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, April 12). 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