{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:57:17Z","timestamp":1784933837769,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often linked with systemic conditions such as periodontal diseases (PDs). This systematic review aims to explore the association between inflammatory markers in saliva and PDs in MS patients, assessing the use of saliva as a non-invasive tool to monitor disease progression. Materials and Methods: 82 publications were examined after a thorough search of scholarly databases to determine whether inflammatory markers were present in MS patients and whether they were associated with periodontal disease (PD). Quality and bias were assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale, resulting in eight articles that were thoroughly analyzed. Results: The results point to a strong correlation between MS and periodontal disorders, which may point to the same pathophysiological mechanism. It does, however, underscore the necessity of additional study to determine a definitive causal association. Conclusions: The findings indicate a strong association between MS and PDs, likely mediated by systemic inflammatory responses detectable in saliva. The review highlights the importance of oral health in managing MS and supports the utility of saliva as a practical, non-invasive medium for monitoring systemic inflammation. Further research is necessary to confirm the causal relationships and to consider integrating salivary diagnostics into routine clinical management for MS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1716549472000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Systematic Literature Review on Inflammatory Markers in the Saliva of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cause or a Consequence of Periodontal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9767-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Calin","family":"Arcas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4897-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan Andrei","family":"Tig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doru Florian Cornel","family":"Moga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Military Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Lavinia","family":"Vlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Roman-Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Maria","family":"Fratila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Military Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2020.02.009","article-title":"The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"81","author":"Balasa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. 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