{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T05:09:06Z","timestamp":1782191346735,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Medical and public recognition of \u201clong-COVID or post-COVID syndrome\u201d, as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), is required to better address the disease burden. Objectives: We aimed to describe the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms and QoL among patients at three and twelve months after their discharge from the hospital. Materials and\u00a0Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, and longitudinal analytic study from September 2021 to April 2022. To measure QoL, we used a validated version of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: We included 68 patients in the study. A total of 54 (79.4%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at three months vs. 52 (76.4%) at twelve months (p = 0.804). Some persistent symptoms (myalgia, alopecia, and cough) decreased significantly at twelve months (50% vs. 30.9%, 29.4% vs. 13.2%, and 23.5% vs. 7.4%; respectively, p = 0.007); in contrast, other persistent symptoms (sleep\u2013wake and memory disorders) were more frequent (5.9% vs. 32.4% and 4.4% vs. 20.6%; respectively, p = \u22640.001). Regarding QoL, a statistically significant improvement was observed in some scores over time, p = \u22640.037. At twelve months, dyspnea, myalgia, and depression were risk factors associated with a poor physical component summary (PCS), p = \u22640.027, whereas anxiety, depression, and fatigue were associated with a poor mental component summary (MCS), p = \u22640.015. Conclusion: As the proportion of persistent symptoms at twelve months is high, we suggest that patients must continue under long-term follow up to reclassify, diagnose, and treat new onset symptoms\/diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T11:50:09Z","timestamp":1717588209000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms and Quality of Life at Three and Twelve Months after Hospital Discharge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lizeth Guadalupe","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Canales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Quality and Health Education, Ministry of Health, Ciudad de Mexico 11410, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2359-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1651-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Barrera-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Viloria-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6573-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro E.","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-3405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liz Jovanna","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Baj\u00edo, Le\u00f3n 37544, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"},{"name":"Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Baj\u00edo, Le\u00f3n 37544, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3703-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Alejandro","family":"Scavo-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Estatal de Atenci\u00f3n COVID-19, Le\u00f3n 37000, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6494-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guan\u00ed-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n 37670, Guanajuato, Mexico"},{"name":"Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Baj\u00edo, Le\u00f3n 37544, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2024, January 10). 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