{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:31:19Z","timestamp":1784629879693,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as a chronic pain syndrome that is characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and diffuse stiffness. In addition, neuropsychological symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders, poor mood, cognitive impairment, and headaches are often reported. Many reports have addressed the coexistence of affective disorders and anxiety with FMS, yet few have focused on its association with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated the occurrence of classical patterns of OCD in participants with FMS and assessed their effect on pain perception and functional impairment. Material and Methods: The research population included 37 patients diagnosed with FMS, treated at the Rheumatology Clinic in the Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. We used validated questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on average and maximal pain intensity, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Obsessive questionnaire, and the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Results: Patients with FMS were found to have intrusive and obsessive thoughts regarding pain for several hours every day, causing a high degree of anxiety and high levels of pain, catastrophizing, and magnification, leading to helplessness and functional impairment. In total, 27% of the patients reported severe malfunction due to pain and pain ideation, and 49% demonstrated mild obsessive compulsive symptoms that were strongly correlated with pain intensity and functional impairment. Conclusions: Obsessive compulsive thinking patterns contribute to pain magnification and to the cognitive aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T03:53:43Z","timestamp":1719201223000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Obsessive Compulsive Traits in Fibromyalgia: Is Pain-Related Obsessive Ideation Involved in Pathogenesis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Bat-El","family":"Lugassy-Galper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine B & The Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HashomerRamat-Gan 5262100, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mor","family":"Amital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard","family":"Amital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine B & The Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HashomerRamat-Gan 5262100, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Buskila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Amital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Barzilai Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38905","article-title":"The Prevalence of Fibromyalgia in the General Population: A Comparison of the American College of Rheumatology 1990, 2010, and Modified 2010 Classification Criteria","volume":"67","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2619-16.2016","article-title":"Histological Underpinnings of Grey Matter Changes in Fibromyalgia Investigated Using Multimodal Brain Imaging","volume":"37","author":"Pomares","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.12.011","article-title":"A systematic review of precipitating physical and psychological traumatic events in the development of fibromyalgia","volume":"48","author":"Yavne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.034","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in fibromyalgia syndrome: Prevalence, temporal relationship between posttraumatic stress and fibromyalgia symptoms, and impact on clinical outcome","volume":"154","author":"Galek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S132153","article-title":"Severe forms of fibromyalgia with acute exacerbation of pain: Costs, comorbidities, and length of stay in inpatient care","volume":"9","author":"Romeyke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Outcomes Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq066","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of 3035 patients with fibromyalgia: Subgroups of patients with typical comorbidities and sensory symptom profiles","volume":"49","author":"Rehm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8509-4","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: A Critical and Comprehensive Review","volume":"49","author":"Borchers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146329.63158.40","article-title":"Comorbid Depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to somatic and psychosocial variables","volume":"66","author":"Thieme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000288150","article-title":"Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome\u2014A Variant of Depressive Disorder?","volume":"51","author":"Alfici","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.004","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in a community sample of women with fibromyalgia","volume":"124","author":"Raphael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.99.3.763-772","article-title":"Comparison of Ruminative Responses with Negative Rumination as a Vulnerability Factor for Depression","volume":"99","author":"Ito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.09.009","article-title":"The significant other version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-S): Preliminary validation","volume":"119","author":"Cano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.07.020","article-title":"The relationship of adult attachment dimensions to pain-related fear, hypervigilance, and catastrophizing","volume":"127","author":"McWilliams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh098","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia","volume":"127","author":"Gracely","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90152-8","article-title":"Coping with rheumatoid arthritis pain: Catastrophizing as a maladaptive strategy","volume":"37","author":"Keefe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00097-9","article-title":"Catastrophizing, pain, and disability in patients with soft-tissue injuries","volume":"77","author":"Sullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90050-7","article-title":"Catastrophizing, depression and the sensory, affective and evaluative aspects of chronic pain","volume":"59","author":"Geisser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catala, P., \u00c9cija, C., Serrano Del Moral, A., Perez Viejo, E., and Pe\u00f1acoba, C. (2022). Predicting Adherence to Walking from Anxiety, Depression, Disease Impact, Catastrophizing, and Cognitive Fusion in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Does Pain Severity Matter?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416453"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00014","article-title":"Psychosocial Predictors of Outcome in Acute and Subchronic Low Back Trouble","volume":"20","author":"Burton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(85)90026-1","article-title":"A revised version of the psychoticism scale","volume":"6","author":"Eysenck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A Global Measure of Perceived Stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(90)90061-9","article-title":"The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale: A reliability and validity study","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000464","article-title":"The complexities of fibromyalgia and its comorbidities","volume":"30","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.09.032","article-title":"Resistance Training Improves Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.56","article-title":"The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia","volume":"11","author":"Choy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.07.002","article-title":"Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"32","author":"Uguz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0807","article-title":"Comorbidity of Fibromyalgia and Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"67","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(99)71272-7","article-title":"Psychiatric Disorders in Patients With Fibromyalgia","volume":"40","author":"Epstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.11.013","article-title":"Importance des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 et des comorbidit\u00e9s psychiatriques chez 30 patients atteints de fibromyalgie","volume":"38","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.10.006","article-title":"The Prevalence of Psychiatric and Chronic Pain Comorbidities in Fibromyalgia: An ACTTION systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Kleykamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199711000-00003","article-title":"Psychosocial factors in Fibromyalgia compared with rheumatoid arthritis: II. Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect","volume":"59","author":"Walker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Sadock, B.J.S., and Virginia Alcott, P.R. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock\u2019s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences\/Clinical Psychiatry, Wolters Kluwer."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060070017","article-title":"Prevalence, quality of life and psychosocial function in obsessive-compulsive disorder and subclinical obsessive-compulsive disorder in northern Germany","volume":"250","author":"Grabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Five US Communities","volume":"45","author":"Karno","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.03.005","article-title":"Emotional distress and pain tolerance in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"43","author":"Hezel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/7\/1027\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1760108593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/60\/7\/1027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina60071027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60071027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]}}}