{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:56:46Z","timestamp":1767373006935,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BBVA Foundation","award":["PI18\/01749","2148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01749","2148"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI18\/01749","2148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01749","2148"]}]},{"name":"iMaterna Foundation","award":["PI18\/01749","2148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01749","2148"]}]},{"name":"General Electrics","award":["PI18\/01749","2148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01749","2148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between maternal risk factors, such as age, body mass index (BMI), and cigarette smoking, and perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis based on prospectively collected data at Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n (Madrid, Spain) between September 2017 and December 2019. All pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and non-malformed live fetuses attending their routine ultrasound examination at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks\u2019 gestation were invited to participate. The association between preeclampsia, preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or fetal-growth-restricted (FGR) neonates, and type of delivery and maternal age, BMI, and cigarette smoking was studied. Logistic mixed models were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 1921 patients were included in the analysis. Women who were \u226540 years old had a significantly higher risk of having GDM (odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 2.36) and SGA neonates (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.37). Women with a BMI &lt; 18 had an increased rate of giving birth to SGA and FGR neonates (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.51 to 7.05, and OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.54 to 8.37, respectively), whereas women with a BMI \u2265 35 had a higher risk of GDM (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.95 to 4.89). Smoking increased the risk of having SGA and FGR neonates (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.46, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.78). Conclusions: Advanced maternal age, low or high BMI, and smoking status are significant risk factors for pregnancy complications. Both clinicians and society should concentrate their efforts on addressing these factors to enhance reproductive health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T03:38:27Z","timestamp":1719805107000},"page":"1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between Perinatal Outcomes and Maternal Risk Factors: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Martin-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4354-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Buhigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"German-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Aramburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Piqueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Cuenca-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Management Unit, iMaterna Foundation, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28806 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Estad\u00edsticos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Santacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarasi, B., Cornuz, J., Clair, C., and Baud, D. 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