{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:55:17Z","timestamp":1787028917277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Scuba divers often experience persistent inert gas narcosis (IGN) even after surfacing. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that breathing oxygen (O2) before surfacing can reduce postdive IGN. Materials and Methods: A group of 58 experienced divers underwent a 5 min dive at a depth of 50 m in a multi-place hyperbaric chamber. They were decompressed using air (air group). Another group of 28 divers (O2 group) breathed 100% O2 during the end of decompression. Prior to and after the dive, all participants performed the Sharpened Romberg test (SRT) and a modified tweezers test. Results: In the air group, the number of positive SRT results increased postdive (47% vs. 67%), indicating a greater impairment in the vestibular system (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.41). In the O2 group, the percentage of positive SRT results remained constant at 68% both before and after the dive. In terms of the modified tweezers test, the air group showed no significant change in the number of picked beads (40 \u00b1 9 vs. 39 \u00b1 7), while the O2 group demonstrated an increase (36 \u00b1 7 vs. 44 \u00b1 10) (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.34). Conclusion: The results reveal that the SRT revealed a negative effect of nitrogen (N2) on the vestibular system in the air group. The increased number of beads picked in the O2 group can be attributed to the learning effect, which was hindered in the air group. Consistent with our hypothesis, breathing O2 during decompression appears to reduce postdive IGN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T05:08:34Z","timestamp":1719896914000},"page":"1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Narcotic Nitrogen Effects Persist after a Simulated Deep Dive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO), University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schneppendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Orthop\u00e4die und Unfallchirurgie Evangelisches Krankenhaus, 45468 M\u00fclheim\/Ruhr, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hoffmanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Handchirurgie und Unfallchirurgie, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Muth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1747-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen D.","family":"Schipke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Experimental Surgery, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1935.112.3.554","article-title":"The psychologic effects from breathing air at 4 atmospheres pressure","volume":"112","author":"Behnke","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am. 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