{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:04:05Z","timestamp":1767211445859,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1C1C2008738","HF23C0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1C1C2008738","HF23C0063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Technology Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1C1C2008738","HF23C0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1C1C2008738","HF23C0063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains a significant burden. Traditional herbal medicines have shown cardioprotective effects in treating HFrEF. However, the implications of herbal formulation considering the dynamic immunohistological changes in the myocardium following acute ischemic injury have been insufficiently discussed. This review investigated the efficacy and mechanisms reported in studies using rat or mouse models of HFrEF induced by left descending coronary artery ligation. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. Information was extracted regarding study characteristics, disease model induction protocols, intervention characteristics, treatment protocols, outcomes, and suggested mechanisms. Hierarchical cluster analysis of test drugs was performed based on constituent herb similarities. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation RoB tool. Results: Overall, 26 studies met the eligibility criteria. HF model induction periods after LADCA ligation ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. Most studies administered the test drug for four weeks. Commonly used herbs included Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carthamus tinctorius, and Lepidium apetalum, which demonstrated anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects through various signaling pathways. The overall RoB was relatively high. No significant association was found between model induction periods and herbal formulations or examined mechanisms. Conclusions: Future research should consider the time-dependent immunohistological features of the myocardium during HF treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1720151336000},"page":"1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies on the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines in Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-7727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyeong","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University Jeonju Korean Medicine Hospital, 99 Garyeonsan-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54887, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University Jeonju Korean Medicine Hospital, 99 Garyeonsan-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54887, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6204-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dasol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungtae","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2115","article-title":"Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: Endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association","volume":"23","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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