{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T11:52:56Z","timestamp":1777722776815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is increasing awareness of the physiological effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) in obese subjects. However, there are no data on the effects of RIF on plasma volume changes (\u0394PV) in individuals with different body weights. Background and Objectives: This study investigated the effects of RIF on \u0394PV in normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) adult men, and adult men with obesity (OB) and severe obesity (SO). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male subjects (32) were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to their body mass index (BMI): normal weight (NW) (BMI &lt; 25 kg\/m2; age = 27.4 \u00b1 3.8), overweight (OW) (BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg\/m2; age = 26.8 \u00b1 3.7), obese subjects (OB) (BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg\/m2; age = 25.6 \u00b1 2.9), and severely obesity (SO) (BMI between 35 and 40 kg\/m2; age = 24.0 \u00b1 4.1). Blood samples were collected for 24 h on 4 different occasions, at T0 before the start of the Ramadan month, at T1 15 days after the start of Ramadan, at T2 one day after the end of Ramadan, and at T3 on the 21st day after the end of Ramadan to determine \u0394PV. All groups completed their fasting rituals for the 30 days of Ramadan. Results: A significant group \u00d7 time effect occurred for body mass (p = 0.001; ES = 0.53), BMI (p = 0.001; ES = 0.53), and body fat percentage (p = 0.001; ES = 0.52). Post hoc tests indicated reductions in body mass in OB and SO at T1 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.21 and p = 0.002; ES = 0.12) and T2 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.31 and p = 0.02; ES = 0.23), reductions in BMI in OB and SO at T1 (p = 0.04; ES = 0.35 and p = 0.03; ES = 0.42) and T2 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.52 and p = 0.005; ES = 0.48), and reductions in body fat percentage only in OB AT T1 (p = 0.002; ES = 0.31) and T2 (p = 0.001; ES = 0.17). A significant group \u00d7 time effect occurred for hematocrit (p = 0.02; ES = 0.34), hemoglobin (p = 0.01; ES = 0.35), and \u0394PV (p = 0.02; ES = 0.18). Post hoc tests indicated increases in hematocrit in OB at T2 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.36) and hemoglobin in OB and SO at T1 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.35 and p = 0.002; ES = 0.32) and T2 (p = 0.003; ES = 0.21 and p = 0.002; ES = 0.33). There were also increases in \u0394PV in OB at T1 and T2 (p = 0.002; ES = 0.25 and p = 0.003; ES = 0.22) and in SO only at T2 (p = 0.02; ES = 0.37). Contrast analysis indicated that NW was significantly lower than the grand mean of OW, Ob, and SO for all anthropometric and PVV variables (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The effects of RIF on \u0394PV and anthropometric characters was greater in obese individuals compared to normal-weight and overweight participants, suggesting that the improvements in body composition and \u0394PV produced by RIF could positively influence obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1721142351000},"page":"1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ramadan Intermittent Fasting and Plasma Volume Variations in Individuals with Different Body Weights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9469-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihen","family":"Khalfoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Cit\u00e9 Nasr 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassane","family":"Zouhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Sant\u00e9)\u2014EA 1274, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raoua","family":"Triki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Cit\u00e9 Nasr 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Tunisian Research Laboratory \u201cSports Performance Optimization\u201d, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) LR09SEP01, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Jribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6035-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almaqhawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf P.O. Box 400, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cain C. T.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Laher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1351-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderraouf","family":"Ben Abderrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Cit\u00e9 Nasr 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Tunisian Research Laboratory \u201cSports Performance Optimization\u201d, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) LR09SEP01, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14176","article-title":"Does green tea extract enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on fat loss?","volume":"86","author":"Bagheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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